Environmental Noise and Management - Overview From Past to Present

Environmental Noise and Management
 
Selma Kurra, Istanbul Technical University and dBKES Engineering Ltd, Turkey
 

A comprehensive overview of environmental noise pollution from the standpoint of environmental impact and control
 

 
Environmental noise is studied, regulated and monitored by many governments and institutions, as well as forming the basis for a number of different occupations due to the adverse effects of noise exposure.
 
Environmental Noise and Management provides a comprehensive overview of environmental noise pollution. The book begins by covering the fundamentals of noise and acoustics, major noise sources and prediction and evaluation techniques. Developments in noise measuring techniques, and mapping and improvement of legislation to control noise pollution are then discussed, and international regulations are presented. Technological advances and recent developments regarding strategy and action plans are also covered in depth.
 

Key features:
* Summarizes the relevant international standards covering noise pollution and environmental engineering practice.
* Presents technological advances and recent developments regarding strategy and action plans.
* Covers developments in noise measuring techniques, prediction models, mapping and improvement of legislation to control noise pollution.
 

Environmental Noise and Management is a comprehensive resource for researchers and graduate students who are involved in noise pollution from the standpoint of environmental impact and control.

List of contents

About the Author xii
 
List of Figures xiii
 
List of Tables xxxv
 
Series Preface xxxvii
 
Acknowledgments xxxviii
 
Introduction xxxix
 
1 Acoustics and Noise Fundamentals 1
 
1.1 Acoustics and Brief History: Pioneers and Subsequent Researchers 1
 
1.2 Fundamentals of Sound 14
 
1.2.1 Sound Waves 23
 
1.2.2 Basic Units and Relations 30
 
1.3 Sound Sources 51
 
1.3.1 Source Types and Sound Powers 52
 
1.3.2 Directionality Characteristics of Sources 55
 
1.3.3 Wave Propagation and Sound Pressures in Relation to Source Type 59
 
1.3.4 Acoustic Fields 72
 
1.4 Sound Propagation and Disturbances 74
 
1.4.1 Sound Reflection 74
 
1.4.2 Sound Scattering (Diffusion) 80
 
1.4.3 Sound Absorption 81
 
1.4.4 Sound Transmission into Solid Media 84
 
1.4.5 Sound Refraction 86
 
1.4.6 Sound Diffraction 89
 
1.5 Conclusion 91
 
References 92
 
Further Reading 93
 
2 Noise 94
 
2.1 Definition and Concepts 94
 
2.2 Spectral Characteristics of Noise 95
 
2.2.1 Filters in Frequency Analysis 97
 
2.2.2 Fourier Analysis 98
 
2.2.3 Test Signals 100
 
2.2.4 Frequency Weighting Networks 102
 
2.3 Spatial Variation of Noise 104
 
2.3.1 The Distance Effect 105
 
2.3.2 Effect of Air Absorption 106
 
2.3.3 Meteorological Factors 109
 
2.3.4 The Ground Effect 117
 
2.3.5 Effects of Forests and Vegetation 122
 
2.3.6 Effect of Barriers 124
 
2.3.7 Vertical Surfaces 137
 
2.3.8 Total Effect of the Physical Environmental Factors 137
 
2.4 Temporal Variation of Noise 139
 
2.5 Noise Metrics and Descriptors 141
 
2.5.1 Basic Noise Units 142
 
2.5.2 Noise Descriptors 145
 
2.6 Conclusion 148
 
Appendix 2.A 149
 
2.A.1 Barrier Design, Constructions, and Samples 149
 
2.A.2 Overview of the Design Principles of Noise Barriers 150
 
2.A.3 Noise Barriers (Screens) for Other Sources 161
 
References 164
 
3 Environmental Noise Sources 171
 
3.1 Introduction to Environmental Noise Sources 171
 
3.1.1 Outdoor Noise Sources 172
 
3.1.2 Indoor Noise Sources 172
 
3.2 Transportation Noise Sources 174
 
3.2.1 Road Traffic Noise 175
 
3.2.2 Noise from Railways 193
 
3.2.3 Aircraft and Airport Noise 206
 
3.2.4 Waterway Traffic Noise 218
 
3.3 Industrial and Mechanical Noise Sources 227
 
3.3.1 Noise Emission from Single Machines and Installations 227
 
3.3.2 Noise Emission from Industrial Premises 230
 
3.4 Wind Farm Noise 232
 
3.4.1 Emission of Noise from Wind Turbines 233
 
3.4.2 Noise Emission of Wind Farms in Relation to the Environment 234
 
3.5 Construction Noise 235
 
3.5.1 Noise Emissions from Construction Equipment and Operations 235
 
3.5.2 Noise Emission of Construction Sites 239
 
3.6 Entertainment Noise 243
 
3.6.1 Noise Emission from Sound Amplification Systems 244
 
3.6.2 Noise Emission from Entertainment Premises 245
 
3.7 Shooting Noise 247
 
3.7.1 Noise Emission of Firing Weapons 247
 
3.7.2 Noise Emission of Shooting Ranges 248
 
3.8 Other Public Noise Sources 248
 
3.9 Noise Sources in Buildings 251
 
3.9.1 Noise Emission of Individual Sources in Buildings 252
 
3.9.2 Noise Emission of Specific Buildings (e.g. an Industrial Building) 252
 
3.10 Conclusion 253
 
References 253

About the author

SELMA KURRA graduated as an architect-engineer with a PhD in environmental acoustics. She was formerly a Professor and had a 30 year career in the engineering departments of the Technical University of Istanbul and Bahcesehir University, giving lectures on environmental noise and building acoustics. She has also conducted noise surveys and research in the USA and Japan, and published papers, book chapters and reports. She participated in the development of the National Regulations regarding noise control and building protection. Professor Kurra is a member of IOA and IIAV and a founding member and former president of the Turkish Acoustical Society where she has been organizing the certification programs. She takes part in several ISO working groups on noise and also the Mirror Committee of the Turkish Standards Institute. She is currently a consultant for dBKES Engineering Ltd in Turkey and Hawk Technologies in UAE.

Summary

Environmental Noise and Management

Selma Kurra, Istanbul Technical University and dBKES Engineering Ltd, Turkey

A comprehensive overview of environmental noise pollution from the standpoint of environmental impact and control

Environmental noise is studied, regulated and monitored by many governments and institutions, as well as forming the basis for a number of different occupations due to the adverse effects of noise exposure.

Environmental Noise and Management provides a comprehensive overview of environmental noise pollution. The book begins by covering the fundamentals of noise and acoustics, major noise sources and prediction and evaluation techniques. Developments in noise measuring techniques, and mapping and improvement of legislation to control noise pollution are then discussed, and international regulations are presented. Technological advances and recent developments regarding strategy and action plans are also covered in depth.

Key features:
* Summarizes the relevant international standards covering noise pollution and environmental engineering practice.
* Presents technological advances and recent developments regarding strategy and action plans.
* Covers developments in noise measuring techniques, prediction models, mapping and improvement of legislation to control noise pollution.

Environmental Noise and Management is a comprehensive resource for researchers and graduate students who are involved in noise pollution from the standpoint of environmental impact and control.

Product details

• Authors: S Kurra, Selma Kurra
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 30.06.2018
• EAN: 9781118887400
• ISBN: 978-1-118-88740-0
• No. of pages: 864
• Series: Wiley Series in Acoustics Noise and Vibration; Wiley Series in Acoustics Noise and Vibration; Wiley Acoustics Noise and Vibr
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Mechanical engineering, production engineering; Physik, Maschinenbau, Umwelttechnik, Physics, Mechanical Engineering, Environmental engineering, Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen, Civil Engineering & Construction, Maschinenbau - Entwurf, Mechanical Engineering - Design, Physik des Schalls, Physics of Acoustics, Umgebunslärm