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Zusatztext "James Fraser's extensive study is an important contribution on a little-known group of monuments. It exposes ideas associated with their construction and use within this distinct landscape. The book also looks at the history of their archaeology from the first European explorers in this part of the Levant! who considered dolmens as the impetus for monument-building in Europe. In addition! Fraser explores the architecture and the subtle changes that occur within the group! providing the reader with the concept of local innovation! based! in part! on the availability of local geology rather than the result of regional trends and influences." - George Nash! Current World Archaeology! Issue 89 Informationen zum Autor James A. Fraser was awarded his PhD at the University of Sydney, Australia, for his thesis on Levantine dolmens in 2016. He served as Project Curator for the Ancient Levant at the British Museum 2015–2017, and is now Senior Curator of the Nicholson Museum, University of Sydney. He has worked on archaeological projects in Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kashmir, Greece, Cambodia, Australia and the Solomon Islands. He currently directs the Khirbet Ghozlan Excavation Project, investigating the production of olive oil in Jordan around 2000 BCE. Zusammenfassung When Western explorers first encountered dolmens in the Levant, they thought they had discovered the origins of a megalithic phenomenon that spread as far as the Atlantic coast. Although European dolmens are now considered an unrelated tradition, many researchers continue to approach dolmens in the Levant as part of a trans-regional phenomenon that spanned the Taurus mountains to the Arabian peninsula. By tightly defining the term 'dolmen' itself, this book brings these mysterious monuments into sharper focus. Drawing on historical, archaeological and geological sources, it is shown that dolmens in the Levant mostly concentrate in the eastern escarpment of the Jordan Rift Valley, and in the Galilean hills. They cluster near proto-urban settlements of the Early Bronze I period (3700–3000 BCE) in particular geological zones suitable for the extraction of megalithic slabs. Rather than approaching dolmens as a regional phenomenon, this book considers dolmens as part of a local burial tradition whose tomb forms varied depending on geological constraints. Dolmens in the Levant is essential for anyone interested in the rise of civilisations in the ancient Middle East, and particularly those who have wondered at the origins of these enigmatic burial monuments that dominate the landscape. Inhaltsverzeichnis Acknowledgements; List of Illustrations; Abbreviations; Part I The typology, chronology and distribution of dolmens in the Levant; 1. Approaching dolmens in the Levant; 1.1. Reappraising dolmens as a megalithic phenomenon; 1.2. Terminology and function; 1.3. Chronology; 1.4. Distribution; 1.5. Dolmens in the Wadi ar-Rayyan; 2. Megalithism, nomadism and the dolmen problem: a history of dolmen research in the Levant; 2.1. 19th-century travellers and explorers; 2.2. Diffusionism and the apostles of the megalithic faith; 2.3. Dolmens in the biblical texts; 2.4. Challenging diffusionism and a megalithic Kulturkreis; 2.5. New approaches in the 1960s and dating dolmens to the EB I; 2.6. Dolmens, nomad hypotheses and dating dolmens to the EB IV; 2.7. Zohar’s 1992 hypothesis of dolmens and nomadism in the EB IV; 2.8. Prag’s 1995 hypothesis of dolmens and nomadism in the EB I; 2.9. Recent developments; 2.10. Conclusion; 3. Untangling dolmen typologies and chronologies in the Levant; 3.1 Typologies; 3.2 Chronologies; 3.3 Discussion; 4. The dolmen phenomenon in Israel/Palestine and the northern Levant; 4.1. Israel/Palestine and the destruction hypothesis; 4.2. Syria, Lebanon and south-eastern Turkey; 4.3. Approaching the dolmen phenomenon in the Levant; 5. Dolmens, geology an...
