Camera Image Quality Benchmarking

The essential guide to the entire process behind performing a complete characterization and benchmarking of cameras through image quality analysis
 
Camera Image Quality Benchmarking contains the basic information and approaches for the use of subjectively correlated image quality metrics and outlines a framework for camera benchmarking. The authors show how to quantitatively compare image quality of cameras used for consumer photography. This book helps to fill a void in the literature by detailing the types of objective and subjective metrics that are fundamental to benchmarking still and video imaging devices. Specifically, the book provides an explanation of individual image quality attributes and how they manifest themselves to camera components and explores the key photographic still and video image quality metrics. The text also includes illustrative examples of benchmarking methods so that the practitioner can design a methodology appropriate to the photographic usage in consideration.
 
The authors outline the various techniques used to correlate the measurement results from the objective methods with subjective results. The text also contains a detailed description on how to set up an image quality characterization lab, with examples where the methodological benchmarking approach described has been implemented successfully. This vital resource:
* Explains in detail the entire process behind performing a complete characterization and benchmarking of cameras through image quality analysis
* Provides best practice measurement protocols and methodologies, so readers can develop and define their own camera benchmarking system to industry standards
* Includes many photographic images and diagrammatical illustrations to clearly convey image quality concepts
* Champions benchmarking approaches that value the importance of perceptually correlated image quality metrics
 
Written for image scientists, engineers, or managers involved in image quality and evaluating camera performance, Camera Image Quality Benchmarking combines knowledge from many different engineering fields, correlating objective (perception-independent) image quality with subjective (perception-dependent) image quality metrics.

List of contents

About the Authors xv
 
Series Preface xvii
 
Preface xix
 
List of Abbreviations xxiii
 
About the CompanionWebsite xxvii
 
1 Introduction 1
 
1.1 Image Content and Image Quality 2
 
1.1.1 Color 3
 
1.1.2 Shape 8
 
1.1.3 Texture 10
 
1.1.4 Depth 11
 
1.1.5 Luminance Range 12
 
1.1.6 Motion 15
 
1.2 Benchmarking 18
 
1.3 Book Content 22
 
Summary of this Chapter 24
 
References 25
 
2 Defining Image Quality 27
 
2.1 What is Image Quality? 27
 
2.2 Image Quality Attributes 29
 
2.3 Subjective and Objective Image Quality Assessment 31
 
Summary of this Chapter 32
 
References 33
 
3 Image Quality Attributes 35
 
3.1 Global Attributes 35
 
3.1.1 Exposure, Tonal Reproduction, and Flare 35
 
3.1.2 Color 39
 
3.1.3 Geometrical Artifacts 40
 
3.1.3.1 Perspective Distortion 40
 
3.1.3.2 Optical Distortion 42
 
3.1.3.3 Other Geometrical Artifacts 42
 
3.1.4 Nonuniformities 43
 
3.1.4.1 Luminance Shading 45
 
3.1.4.2 Color Shading 45
 
3.2 Local Attributes 45
 
3.2.1 Sharpness and Resolution 45
 
3.2.2 Noise 49
 
3.2.3 Texture Rendition 50
 
3.2.4 Color Fringing 50
 
3.2.5 Image Defects 51
 
3.2.6 Artifacts 51
 
3.2.6.1 Aliasing and Demosaicing Artifacts 52
 
3.2.6.2 Still Image Compression Artifacts 53
 
3.2.6.3 Flicker 53
 
3.2.6.4 HDR Processing Artifacts 55
 
3.2.6.5 Lens Ghosting 55
 
3.3 Video Quality Attributes 56
 
3.3.1 Frame Rate 56
 
3.3.2 Exposure and White Balance Responsiveness and Consistency 58
 
3.3.3 Focus Adaption 58
 
3.3.4 Audio-Visual Synchronization 58
 
3.3.5 Video Compression Artifacts 59
 
3.3.6 Temporal Noise 60
 
3.3.7 Fixed Pattern Noise 60
 
3.3.8 Mosquito Noise 60
 
Summary of this Chapter 60
 
References 61
 
4 The Camera 63
 
4.1 The Pinhole Camera 63
 
4.2 Lens 64
 
4.2.1 Aberrations 64
 
4.2.1.1 Third-Order Aberrations 65
 
4.2.1.2 Chromatic Aberrations 66
 
4.2.2 Optical Parameters 67
 
4.2.3 Relative Illumination 69
 
4.2.4 Depth of Field 70
 
4.2.5 Diffraction 71
 
4.2.6 Stray Light 73
 
4.2.7 Image Quality Attributes Related to the Lens 74
 
4.3 Image Sensor 75
 
4.3.1 CCD Image Sensors 75
 
4.3.2 CMOS Image Sensors 77
 
4.3.3 Color Imaging 81
 
4.3.4 Image Sensor Performance 82
 
4.3.5 CCD versus CMOS 89
 
4.3.6 Image Quality Attributes Related to the Image Sensor 90
 
4.4 Image Signal Processor 91
 
4.4.1 Image Processing 91
 
4.4.2 Image Compression 98
 
4.4.2.1 Chroma Subsampling 98
 
4.4.2.2 Transform Coding 98
 
4.4.2.3 Coefficient Quantization 99
 
4.4.2.4 Coefficient Compression 100
 
4.4.3 Control Algorithms 101
 
4.4.4 Image Quality Attributes Related to the ISP 101
 
4.5 Illumination 102
 
4.5.1 LED Flash 103
 
4.5.2 Xenon Flash 103
 
4.6 Video Processing 103
 
4.6.1 Video Stabilization 103
 
4.6.1.1 Global Motion Models 104
 
4.6.1.2 Global Motion Estimation 105
 
4.6.1.3 Global Motion Compensation 106
 
4.6.2 Video Compression 107
 
4.6.2.1 Computation of Residuals 107
 
4.6.2.2 Video Compression Standards and Codecs 109
 
4.6.2.3 Some Significant Vid

About the author

JONATHAN B. PHILLIPS, is a Staff Image Scientist at Google, USA. He is a United States delegate to the technical committee ISO/TC 42 Photography and a major contributor to the IEEE Camera Phone Image Quality (CPIQ) initiative. HENRIK ELIASSON, PHD, is an image sensor and image analysis specialist at Eclipse Optics, Sweden. He is a senior member of SPIE.

Summary

The essential guide to the entire process behind performing a complete characterization and benchmarking of cameras through image quality analysis

Camera Image Quality Benchmarking contains the basic information and approaches for the use of subjectively correlated image quality metrics and outlines a framework for camera benchmarking. The authors show how to quantitatively compare image quality of cameras used for consumer photography. This book helps to fill a void in the literature by detailing the types of objective and subjective metrics that are fundamental to benchmarking still and video imaging devices. Specifically, the book provides an explanation of individual image quality attributes and how they manifest themselves to camera components and explores the key photographic still and video image quality metrics. The text also includes illustrative examples of benchmarking methods so that the practitioner can design a methodology appropriate to the photographic usage in consideration.

The authors outline the various techniques used to correlate the measurement results from the objective methods with subjective results. The text also contains a detailed description on how to set up an image quality characterization lab, with examples where the methodological benchmarking approach described has been implemented successfully. This vital resource:
* Explains in detail the entire process behind performing a complete characterization and benchmarking of cameras through image quality analysis
* Provides best practice measurement protocols and methodologies, so readers can develop and define their own camera benchmarking system to industry standards
* Includes many photographic images and diagrammatical illustrations to clearly convey image quality concepts
* Champions benchmarking approaches that value the importance of perceptually correlated image quality metrics

Written for image scientists, engineers, or managers involved in image quality and evaluating camera performance, Camera Image Quality Benchmarking combines knowledge from many different engineering fields, correlating objective (perception-independent) image quality with subjective (perception-dependent) image quality metrics.

Product details

• Authors: Henrik Eliasson, J Phillips, Jonathan Phillips, Jonathan B Phillips, Jonathan B. Phillips, Jonathan B. Eliasson Phillips
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 29.12.2017
• EAN: 9781119054498
• ISBN: 978-1-119-05449-8
• No. of pages: 400
• Series: Wiley-IS&T Series in Imaging Science and Technology; Wiley-IS&T Series in Imaging S; The Wiley-IS&T Series in Imaging Science and Technology
• Subjects: Guides > Hobby, home > Photography, filmmaking, video filmmaking; Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Electronics, electrical engineering, communications engineering; BILDGEBENDES VERFAHREN, Imaging systems & technology, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Elektrotechnik u. Elektronik, Bildgebende Systeme u. Verfahren