Introduction to Textile Coloration - Principles and Practice

An Introduction to Textile Coloration: Principles and Practice
 
The Publications Committee of the Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC) has been aware for some time of the need to produce a book at an introductory level aimed at personnel working in textile dyeing or printing companies as well as those interested in entering into the field. The SDC runs a course for dyehouse technicians leading to the award of its Textile Coloration Certificate and this book is intended to be helpful for candidates following the course. Additionally, it will be helpful for professionals in textile companies who do not have a strong scientific background, so that they may attain a better understanding of the chemical principles of colour application.
 
Starting with the basic science underlying dyeing and printing processes, this comprehensive book explains the fundamentals of dye and pigment chemistry and the various application techniques and processes. It offers chapter coverage of the general chemistry related to textiles, textile fibres, chemistry of dyes and pigments, industrial coloration methods, textile printing, theoretical aspects of dyeing, the measurement of colour and fastness testing. Reference is made to developments that have taken place in the coloration industry in recent years, not least of which have been the challenges imposed by the drive towards environmentally-friendly processes and restrictions on the use of certain chemicals.
 
An Introduction to Textile Coloration: Principles and Practice
* Covers atomic structure, chemical reactions, and acids, bases, and salts
* Explains the nature of fibre-forming polymers and the conversion of synthetic polymers into fibre filaments
* Educates on the classification of colorants and the commercial naming of dyes and pigments
* Introduces readers to the dye application processes and dyeing machinery
* Instructs on dye aggregation, factors affecting colour appearance, the principles of colour fastness testing, and more

List of contents

Society of Dyers and Colourists xiii
 
Preface xv
 
1 General Chemistry Related to Textiles 1
 
1.1 Introduction 1
 
1.2 Atomic Structure 1
 
1.3 Periodic Table of the Elements 4
 
1.4 Valency and Bonding 6
 
1.4.1 Giving or Receiving of Electrons: Formation of Ionic Bonds 6
 
1.4.2 Sharing of Electrons: Formation of Covalent Bonds 8
 
1.4.3 Secondary Forces of Attraction 10
 
1.5 Chemical Reactions 13
 
1.5.1 Types of Chemical Reaction 13
 
1.5.2 Rates of Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equilibria 14
 
1.5.3 Effect of Temperature on Rate of Reaction 16
 
1.5.4 Catalysts 17
 
1.5.5 Thermodynamics of Reactions 19
 
1.5.5.1 The First Law of Thermodynamics 19
 
1.5.5.2 The Second Law of Thermodynamics 20
 
1.5.5.3 The Third Law of Thermodynamics 21
 
1.5.5.4 Free Energy 21
 
1.5.5.5 Interpreting Thermodynamic Data 22
 
1.6 Acids, Bases and Salts 23
 
1.6.1 Acids and Bases 23
 
1.6.2 The pH Scale 23
 
1.6.3 Salts and Salt Hydrolysis 24
 
1.6.4 Buffer Solutions 25
 
1.7 Redox Reactions 26
 
1.8 Organic Chemistry 27
 
1.8.1 The Hydrocarbons 27
 
1.8.1.1 Aliphatic Hydrocarbons 28
 
1.8.1.2 Aromatic Hydrocarbons 30
 
1.8.2 Functional Groups 32
 
1.8.3 Important Functional Groups of Aliphatic Compounds 32
 
1.8.3.1 Halides 32
 
1.8.3.2 Alcohols 33
 
1.8.3.3 Carboxylic Acids 34
 
1.8.3.4 Esters 35
 
1.8.3.5 Aldehydes and Ketones 36
 
1.8.3.6 Ethers 36
 
1.8.3.7 Amines 36
 
1.8.3.8 Cyano and Nitro Groups 38
 
1.8.4 Important Functional Groups of Aromatic Compounds 38
 
1.8.5 Important Compounds in Textile Dyeing 40
 
1.8.5.1 Sequestering Agents 40
 
1.8.5.2 Surface?]Active Agents (Surfactants) 41
 
1.8.5.3 Carriers 42
 
1.9 The Use of Chemicals by Industry 43
 
1.9.1 REACH 43
 
1.9.2 Effluent Disposal 44
 
2 Textile Fibres 47
 
2.1 Introduction 47
 
2.2 Nature of Fibre?]Forming Polymers 51
 
2.3 Properties of Textile Fibres 54
 
2.4 Mechanical Properties of Textile Fibres 54
 
2.4.1 Fibre Length 54
 
2.4.2 Fibre Fineness 54
 
2.4.3 Fibre Strength 55
 
2.5 Chemistry of the Main Fibre Types 57
 
2.5.1 Cellulosic Fibres 57
 
2.5.1.1 Cotton 57
 
2.5.1.2 Chemistry of Cotton 58
 
2.5.1.3 Morphology of Cotton 60
 
2.5.1.4 Properties of Cotton 62
 
2.5.1.5 Organic Cotton 64
 
2.5.2 Other Cellulosic Fibres 65
 
2.6 Protein Fibres 65
 
2.6.1 Wool 66
 
2.6.1.1 Chemistry of Wool 66
 
2.6.1.2 Morphology of Wool 70
 
2.6.1.3 Properties of Wool Fibres 72
 
2.6.1.4 Ecological Aspects 74
 
2.6.2 Hair Fibres 74
 
2.6.3 Silk 74
 
2.7 Regenerated Fibres 75
 
2.7.1 Early Developments 75
 
2.7.2 Viscose 76
 
2.7.3 Lyocell Fibres 77
 
2.7.4 Cellulose Acetate Fibres 79
 
2.7.5 Polylactic Acid Fibres 80
 
2.8 Synthetic Fibres 81
 
2.8.1 Condensation Polymers 82
 
2.8.1.1 Polyamide (Nylon) Fibres 82
 
2.8.1.2 Aramid Fibres 84
 
2.8.1.3 Polyester Fibres 85
 
2.8.1.4 Elastomeric Fibres 87
 
2.8.2 Addition Polymers 87
 
2.8.2.1 Polyolefin Fibres 87
 
2.8.2.2 Acrylic Fibres 89
 
2.9 Conversion of Synthetic Polymers into Fibre Filaments 90
 
2.10 Fibre Cross?]Sectional Shapes 92
 
2.11 Microfibres

About the author

Roger H. Wardman was formerly Head of School of Textiles and Design, Heriot-Watt University, UK and is a Fellow of the Society of Dyers and Colourists.

Summary

An Introduction to Textile Coloration: Principles and Practice

The Publications Committee of the Society of Dyers and Colourists (SDC) has been aware for some time of the need to produce a book at an introductory level aimed at personnel working in textile dyeing or printing companies as well as those interested in entering into the field. The SDC runs a course for dyehouse technicians leading to the award of its Textile Coloration Certificate and this book is intended to be helpful for candidates following the course. Additionally, it will be helpful for professionals in textile companies who do not have a strong scientific background, so that they may attain a better understanding of the chemical principles of colour application.

Starting with the basic science underlying dyeing and printing processes, this comprehensive book explains the fundamentals of dye and pigment chemistry and the various application techniques and processes. It offers chapter coverage of the general chemistry related to textiles, textile fibres, chemistry of dyes and pigments, industrial coloration methods, textile printing, theoretical aspects of dyeing, the measurement of colour and fastness testing. Reference is made to developments that have taken place in the coloration industry in recent years, not least of which have been the challenges imposed by the drive towards environmentally-friendly processes and restrictions on the use of certain chemicals.

An Introduction to Textile Coloration: Principles and Practice
* Covers atomic structure, chemical reactions, and acids, bases, and salts
* Explains the nature of fibre-forming polymers and the conversion of synthetic polymers into fibre filaments
* Educates on the classification of colorants and the commercial naming of dyes and pigments
* Introduces readers to the dye application processes and dyeing machinery
* Instructs on dye aggregation, factors affecting colour appearance, the principles of colour fastness testing, and more

Product details

• Authors: R. H. Wardman, Rh Wardman, Roger H Wardman, Roger H. Wardman
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 03.11.2017
• EAN: 9781119121565
• ISBN: 978-1-119-12156-5
• No. of pages: 384
• Series: SDC - Society of Dyers and Colourists; Sdc-Society of Dyers and Colou; SDC-Society of Dyers and Colourists; SDC - Society of Dyers and Colourists; Sdc-Society of Dyers and Colou
• Subjects: Humanities, art, music > Art > Interior design, design; Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry > Organic chemistry; Chemie, Färben, chemistry, Textiltechnik, Industrial Chemistry, Technische u. Industrielle Chemie, Oberflächenchemie, Surface & Colloid Chemistry, Oberflächen- u. Kolloidchemie, Bekleidung u. Mode / Herstellung, Art & Applied Arts, Clothing & Fashion Manufacture, Kunst u. Angewandte Kunst, Textilchemie