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Populist rule is bad for democracy, yet in country after country, populists are being voted into office. Populism and Patronage shows that the populists such as Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi win elections when the institutionalized ties between non-populist parties and voters decay. Yet, the explanations for this decay differ across different types of party system. Populism and Patronage focuses on the particular vulnerability of patronage-based party systems to populism. Patronage-based systems are ones in which parties depend on the distribution of patronage through a network of brokers to mobilize voters. Drawing on principal agent theory and social network theory, this book argues that an increase in broker autonomy weakens the ties between patronage parties and voters, making latter available for direct mobilization by populists. Decentralization is thus a major factor behind populist success in patronage democracies.
The volume argues that populists exploit the breakdown in national patronage networks by connecting directly with the people through the media and mass rallies, avoiding or minimizing the use of deeply-institutionalized party structures.This book not only reinterprets the recurrent appeal of populism in India, but also offers a more general theory of populist electoral support that is tested using qualitative and quantitative data on cases from across Asia and around the world, including Indonesia, Japan, Venezuela, and Peru.
List of contents
- 1: The Puzzle of Populism
- 2: Understanding Populism and why it Matters
- 3: A Theory of Populist Success in Patronage Democracies
- 4: The Emergence of the India's Patronage-Based Party System
- 5: Broker Autonomy and the End of Indian Congress Party Dominance
- 6: India's Turn to Populism
- 7: Regionalism and the Rise of the Populist Far Right in India
- 8: Testing the Causal Mechanisms in Additional Cases
- 9: Populism and Patronage: Cross-National Evidence
- 10: Conclusion
About the author
Paul D. Kenny is a Research Fellow in Indian Political and Social Change at the Australian National University. His current research covers several areas of comparative politics, including the causes and consequences of populism, ethnic politics, and the politics of immigration. He has published in leading scholarly journals including British Journal of Political Science and Government and Opposition.
Summary
This volume provides a new explanation for why populists are so successful in political systems where vote buying and other such patronage-based practices are common.
Foreword
Winner of American Political Science Association's 2018 Robert A. Dahl Award
