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Mark Textor presents a critical study of the work of Franz Brentano, one of the most important thinkers of the nineteenth century. His work has influenced analytic philosophers like Russell as well as phenomenologists like Husserl and Sartre, and continues to shape debates in the philosophy of mind.
Brentano made intentionality a central topic in the philosophy of mind by proposing that 'directedness' is the distinctive feature of the mental. The first part of the book investigates Brentano's intentionalism as well as attempts to improve or develop it. Textor argues that there is no plausible version of this doctrine, and rejects it in favour of a mark of the mental proposed by Brentano's student Husserl: mental phenomena have no appearances.
The second part of the book develops and defends Brentano's view about the structure of perceptual awareness. Awareness of a mental activity and this mental activity are not distinct mental acts, the first representing the second. They are one and the same activity that has several objects. Textor shows that Brentano held that intentionality is plural - directedness is directedness on some objects - and shows how the plural conception solves thorny problems.
The third part of the book is devoted to Brentano's view of pleasure and pain. Textor draws out parallels between enjoying an activity and awareness of it and argues that enjoying an activity and the activity enjoyed are not distinct.
The final part of the book extends the plural view to the conscious mental life of a thinker at a time (the unity of synchronic consciousness): it is one mental act with many objects.
List of contents
- Introduction
- 1: Some Marks of the Mental
- 2: Brentano's Thesis Revisited
- 3: Intentionality Primitivism
- 4: The Regress and the Duplication Argument
- 5: One Act, Several Conceptual Parts
- 6: A Relation that 'Relates Itself to Itself', Some Regress Threats and a Mystery
- 7: Awareness and Observation
- 8: Attention, Adumbration, and a Neglected Mark of the Mental
- 9: The Intentionality of Enjoyment
- 10: The Structure of Enjoyment
- 11: The Nature of Enjoyment
- 12: Mental Monism
- A Brief Conclusion
About the author
Mark Textor is professor of philosophy in King's College in London. His main areas of research are philosophy of language and history of analytic philosophy so broadly conceived that it even includes Brentano. He is author of Frege on Sense and Reference (Routledge 2010).
Summary
Mark Textor presents a critical study of the work of one of the most important thinkers of the 19th century. How is the mental distinct from the physical? What must awareness of seeing, hearing, etc. be like to be infallible? What does the unity of a conscious mental life consist in? Textor shows how Brentano helps us to answer these questions
Additional text
The book should be of great interest to philosophers of mind schooled in more recent traditions who would like to understand Brentano and intentionality better, as well as historians who would like to understand the reception of Brentano's concept of intentionality in more recent debates better.
Report
This book has a great deal of erudition, careful analysis, illuminating examples, and challenging objections, and is written in an excellent and entertaining style. It will be of great value for those interested in Brentano's philosophy from a systematic and historical perspective, and for phenomenologists as well. Guillaume Fréchette, Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews
