Read more
Informationen zum Autor Edward Voigtman is emeritus professor of chemistry at the University of Massachusetts - Amherst, having retired after 29 years as a faculty member. His interests include ultrasensitive detection techniques, applications of signal/noise theory, optical calculus-based computer simulation of spectrometric systems and analytical detection limit theory and practice. Klappentext Details methods for computing valid limits of detection The limit of detection is among the most important concepts in chemical analysis. In simple terms, if a chemical analyte is present at, or above, the limit of detection, it has low a priori-specified probability of escaping detection. This is distinct from the formerly used decision level, i.e., the level above which there is low a priori-specified probability of obtaining a false positive from a true analytical blank. In some cases, qualitative detection of analyte is sufficient, but in many other cases, quantification is also desired or required, e.g., total arsenic concentration in a source of potable water. In this case, the concept of limit of quantitation is also relevant because meaningful quantification is not possible at the limit of detection. Limits of Detection in Chemical Analysis details methods for computing valid, unbiased limits of detection. It correctly and clearly explains analytical detection limit theory, thereby mitigating against incorrect detection limit concepts, methodologies and results. The book focuses exclusively on how limits of detection are correctly defined and computed for ordinary univariate chemical measurement systems (CMSs). The book features: Clear explanations of decision level and detection limit concepts Profuse illustrations with many detailed examples and cogent explanations Extensive use of corroborating computer simulations that are freely available to readers A curated short-list of important references for limits of detection Videos, screencasts, and animations are provided at an associated website This book is recommended for anyone wanting to learn about limits of detection. It is written at a level that makes it easily accessible to undergraduates, graduate students and researchers in both academia and industry. Readers will learn how to properly, and rather simply, compute statistically valid limits of detection and know what their limitations are. Zusammenfassung Details methods for computing valid limits of detection. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xv Acknowledgment xix About the Companion Website xx 1 Background 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 A Short List of Detection Limit References 2 1.3 An Extremely Brief History of Limits of Detection 2 1.4 An Obstruction 3 1.5 An Even Bigger Obstruction 3 1.6 What Went Wrong? 4 1.7 Chapter Highlights 5 References 5 2 Chemical Measurement Systems and their Errors 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Chemical Measurement Systems 9 2.3 The Ideal CMS 10 2.4 CMS Output Distributions 12 2.5 Response Function Possibilities 12 2.6 Nonideal CMSs 15 2.7 Systematic Error Types 15 2.7.1 What Is Fundamental Systematic Error? 16 2.7.2 Why Is an Ideal Measurement System Physically Impossible? 16 2.8 Real CMSs, Part 1 17 2.8.1 A Simple Example 18 2.9 Random Error 19 2.10 Real CMSs, Part 2 21 2.11 Measurements and PDFs 22 2.11.1 Several Examples of Compound Measurements 22 2.12 Statistics to the Rescue 23 2.13 Chapter Highlights 24 References 24 3 The Response, Net Response, and Content Domains 25 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 What is the Blank's Response Domain Location? 27 3.3 False Positives and False Negatives 28 3.4 Net Response Domain 29 3.5 Bla...
