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A comprehensive and authoritative synthesis on the successful production of fish larvae
Success Factors for Fish Larval Production is a vital resource that includes the most current understanding of larval biology, in the context of larval production. The text covers topics such as how external (environmental and nutritional) and internal (molecular/ developmental/ physiological/ behavioral/ genetic) factors interact in defining the phenotype and quality of fish larvae and juveniles. The expert contributors review broodstock genetics and husbandry, water quality, larval nutrition and feeding, growth physiology, health, metamorphosis, underlying molecular mechanisms, including epigenetics, for development, larval behavior and environmental conditions. Compiled by members of a European Union-funded consortium of top researchers, Success Factors for Fish Larval Production provides a wide-range of authoritative information for the aquaculture industry and academia.
In addition to a wealth of information, the authors review research and commercially applicable larval quality indicators and predictors. The successful production of good-quality fish larvae is of vital importance for fish farming and stock enhancement of wild fisheries:
* Includes contributions from a consortium of noted researchers and experts in the field
* Deals with on how to improve egg quality and larval production via broodstock management and nutrition
* Suggests ways to control the phenotype of juveniles and table-size fish via manipulations of the conditions of larval rearing (e.g., epigenetics)
* Includes ideas for optimizing diet composition, formulation, and technology
* Integrates knowledge and practical experience in order to help advancing excellence in aquaculture
Success Factors for Fish Larval Production offers fish biologists, developmental biologists, physiologists and zoologists the most current and reliable information on the topic. All those working in fish aquaculture facilities and hatcheries in particular will find great interest to their commercial operations within this book.
List of contents
Acknowledgements xvii
1 Introduction 1
Reference 2
2 Gamete Quality and BroodstockManagement in Temperate Fish 3
HerveMigaud, Gordon Bell, Elsa Cabrita, Brendan McAndrew, Andrew Davie, Julien Bobe, Maria Paz Herráez and Manuel Carrillo
Introduction 3
Egg and Sperm Quality and Assessment 4
Egg Quality 4
Sperm Quality 6
Germ Cell Preservation 8
Eggs 8
Sperm Storage and Management 8
Other Sources of Germplasm: Undifferentiated Germ Cells and Surrogate
Production 9
Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs 10
Broodstock Nutrition 11
Background 11
Salmonids 11
Bass, Bream and Related Sparids 13
Atlantic Cod 15
Flatfish 15
Carp 17
Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs 17
Applications of Genetics and Genomics to Broodstock Management 17
General Considerations and New Advances 17
Selective Breeding Programmes 18
Genetic Markers 22
Functional Genomics 23
Chromosome Set Manipulation 24
Gene Transfer Technologies 26
Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs 27
Broodstock Environmental and Hormonal Manipulations 27
General Concepts 27
Entrainment of Reproduction: Proximate Factors 28
Photoperiod Regimes Used in Aquaculture 30
Temperature as an Ultimate Factor 31
Spawning Induction Techniques 32
Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs 35
Overall Conclusions 35
Acknowledgements 38
References 38
3 Feeding Behaviour and Digestive Physiology in Larval Fish: Current Knowledge, and Gaps and Bottlenecks in Research 55
Ivar Rønnestad, Manuel Yúfera, Bernd Ueberschär, Laura Ribeiro, Øystein Sæle and Clara Boglione
Introduction 55
Feeding Behaviour and Appetite 56
Detection 56
Capture and Ingestion 59
Feeding Rhythms 61
Neuroendocrine Control of Appetite and Ingestion 61
Adaptation of Feeding Protocols to the Feeding Behaviour 63
Digestive Physiology 63
Ontogeny and Plasticity of the Digestive System 63
Accessory Digestive Organs 66
IntestinalModelling and Remodelling 67
Digestion: An Overview 69
Digestion of Proteins and Peptides 70
Pancreatic Enzymes 70
Enzymes in the Mucosal Layer 75
Exogenous Enzymes 75
Absorption 76
Free Amino Acids 76
Peptides 77
Whole Proteins 78
General Protein-Processing Capacity 79
Gut Transit Rate Versus Dietary Protein Utilization 80
Lipids 82
Preintestinal Digestion of Lipids 82
Intestinal Lipid Digestion 83
Overall Processing Capacity for Lipids 85
Digestion of Carbohydrates 86
Regulatory Systems of Digestion 87
Gastrointestinal Tract Hormones 89
Other Gastrointestinal Tract Hormones 92
Enteric Nervous Systems 92
Future Research Strategies for Studies in Feeding Behaviour and Digestive
Physiology to Advance Larval Rearing of Marine Fish 93
Acknowledgements 96
References 96
4 Fish Larval Nutrition and Feed Formulation: Knowledge Gaps and Bottlenecks for Advances in Larval Rearing 123
Kristin Hamre, Manuel Yúfera, Ivar Rønnestad, Clara Boglione, Luis E. C. Conceição and Marisol Izquierdo
Introduction 123
Larval Nutrition 124
What are the Larval Nutrient Requirements? 124
Direct Measurements of Larval Requirements, for
About the author
About the Editors
LUÍS E.C. CONCEIÇÃO is a founder of SPAROS, a start-up company that arose from the Centre of Marine Sciences of the University of the Algarve, Portugal. SPAROS is devoted to innovation in fish feeding and nutrition. Luis was Vice-Chair of LARVANET.
AMOS TANDLER is based at the National Center for Mariculture in Eilat, Israel, which he directed and which is part of Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research. He was Chair of LARVANET. He and his students pioneered the science behind marine fish larval research, being the foundation for innovations and the development of the sprouting Israeli Mariculture industry.
Summary
A comprehensive and authoritative synthesis on the successful production of fish larvae Success Factors for Fish Larval Production is a vital resource that includes the most current understanding of larval biology, in the context of larval production.
