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The main goal of the book is to provide a systematic and didactic approach to the physics and technology of free-electron lasers. Numerous figures are used for illustrating the underlying ideas and concepts and links to other fields of physics are provided. After an introduction to undulator radiation and the low-gain FEL, the one-dimensional theory of the high-gain FEL is developed in a systematic way. Particular emphasis is put on explaining and justifying the various assumptions and approximations that are needed to obtain the differential and integral equations governing the FEL dynamics. Analytical and numerical solutions are presented and important FEL parameters are defined, such as gain length, FEL bandwidth and saturation power. One of the most important features of a high-gain FEL, the formation of microbunches, is studied at length. The increase of gain length due to beam energy spread, space charge forces, and three-dimensional effects such as betatron oscillations and optical diffraction is analyzed. The mechanism of Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission is described theoretically and illustrated with numerous experimental results. Various methods of FEL seeding by coherent external radiation are introduced, together with experimental results. The world's first soft X-ray FEL, the user facility FLASH at DESY, is described in some detail to give an impression of the complexity of such an accelerator-based light source. The last chapter is devoted to the new hard X-ray FELs which generate extremely intense radiation in the Angstrøm regime. The appendices contain supplementary material and more involved calculations.
List of contents
Introduction.- Undulator Radiation.- Low-Gain FEL Theory.- One-Dimensional Theory of the High-Gain FEL.- Applications of the High-Gain FEL Equations.- Energy Spread, Space Charge and 3D Effects.- Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission and FEL Seeding.- The EUV and Soft X-Ray FEL in Hamburg.- X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers: Technical Realization and Experimental Results.- Appendices.- A. Hamiltonian Formalism.- B. Supplements to Chapter 4.- C. Gaussian Modes of Laser Beams.- D. Eigenmode Approach.- E. Statistical Methods and Tools.- F. Conventions and Frequently used Symbols.- Index.
About the author
Prof. Dr. Peter Schmüser
Institut für Experimentalphysik
Universität Hamburg and DESY
Notkestr. 85
22607 Hamburg
Germany
Dr. Martin Dohlus
Institut für Experimentalphysik
Universität Hamburg and DESY
Notkestr. 85
22607 Hamburg
Germany
Prof. Dr. Jörg Rossbach
Institut für Experimentalphysik
Universität Hamburg and DESY
Notkestr. 85
22607 Hamburg
Germany
Dr. Christopher Behrens
Institut für Experimentalphysik
Universität Hamburg and DESY
Notkestr. 85
22607 Hamburg
Germany
Summary
The main goal of the book is to provide a systematic and didactic approach to the physics and technology of free-electron lasers. Numerous figures are used for illustrating the underlying ideas and concepts and links to other fields of physics are provided. After an introduction to undulator radiation and the low-gain FEL, the one-dimensional theory of the high-gain FEL is developed in a systematic way. Particular emphasis is put on explaining and justifying the various assumptions and approximations that are needed to obtain the differential and integral equations governing the FEL dynamics. Analytical and numerical solutions are presented and important FEL parameters are defined, such as gain length, FEL bandwidth and saturation power. One of the most important features of a high-gain FEL, the formation of microbunches, is studied at length. The increase of gain length due to beam energy spread, space charge forces, and three-dimensional effects such as betatron oscillations and optical diffraction is analyzed. The mechanism of Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission is described theoretically and illustrated with numerous experimental results. Various methods of FEL seeding by coherent external radiation are introduced, together with experimental results. The world’s first soft X-ray FEL, the user facility FLASH at DESY, is described in some detail to give an impression of the complexity of such an accelerator-based light source. The last chapter is devoted to the new hard X-ray FELs which generate extremely intense radiation in the Angstrøm regime. The appendices contain supplementary material and more involved calculations.
