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Informationen zum Autor Trevor M. Young, University of Limerick, Ireland. Klappentext Performance of the Jet Transport Airplane: Analysis Methods, Flight Operations, and Regulations presents a detailed and comprehensive treatment of performance analysis techniques for jet transport airplanes. Uniquely, the book describes key operational and regulatory procedures and constraints that directly impact the performance of commercial airliners.Topics include: rigid body dynamics; aerodynamic fundamentals; atmospheric models (including standard and non-standard atmospheres); height scales and altimetry; distance and speed measurement; lift and drag and associated mathematical models; jet engine performance (including thrust and specific fuel consumption models); takeoff and landing performance (with airfield and operational constraints); takeoff climb and obstacle clearance; level, climbing and descending flight (including accelerated climb/descent); cruise and range (including solutions by numerical integration); payload-range; endurance and holding; maneuvering flight (including turning and pitching maneuvers); total energy concepts; trip fuel planning and estimation (including regulatory fuel reserves); en route operations and limitations (e.g. climb-speed schedules, cruise ceiling, ETOPS); cost considerations (e.g. cost index, energy cost, fuel tankering); weight, balance and trim; flight envelopes and limitations (including stall and buffet onset speeds, V-n diagrams); environmental considerations (viz. noise and emissions); aircraft systems and airplane performance (e.g. cabin pressurization, de-/anti icing, and fuel); and performance-related regulatory requirements of the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) and EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency).Key features:* Describes methods for the analysis of the performance of jet transport airplanes during all phases of flight* Presents both analytical (closed form) methods and numerical approaches* Describes key FAA and EASA regulations that impact airplane performance* Presents equations and examples in both SI (Système International) and USC (United States Customary) units* Considers the influence of operational procedures and their impact on airplane performancePerformance of the Jet Transport Airplane: Analysis Methods, Flight Operations, and Regulations provides a comprehensive treatment of the performance of modern jet transport airplanes in an operational context. It is a must-have reference for aerospace engineering students, applied researchers conducting performance-related studies, and flight operations engineers. Zusammenfassung Performance of the Jet Transport Airplane: Analysis Methods, Flight Operations, and Regulations presents a detailed and comprehensive treatment of performance analysis techniques for jet transport airplanes. Inhaltsverzeichnis Foreword xi Series Preface xiii Acknowledgments xv 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definitions of Performance 1 1.2 Commercial Air Transportation 3 1.3 Jet Transport Airplanes: A Short History 4 1.4 Regulatory Framework 8 1.5 Performance-Related Activities 9 1.6 Analysis Techniques and Idealizations 12 References 14 2 Engineering Fundamentals 17 2.1 Introduction 17 2.2 Notation, Units, and Conversion Factors 18 2.3 Mass, Momentum, Weight, and Gravity 21 2.4 Basics of Rigid Body Dynamics 26 2.5 Basics of Fluid Dynamics 33 2.6 Further Reading 43 References 43 3 Aerodynamic Fundamentals 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Standard Definitions and Notation 45 3.3 Coordinate Systems and Conventions 53 3.4 Aerodynamic Forces and Moments 55 3.5 Compressibility 63 3.6 Boundary Layers 65 3.7 High Lift Devices 67 3.8 Controls for Pitch, Roll, and Yaw 71 3.9 Further Re...
List of contents
Foreword xi
Series Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Definitions of Performance 1
1.2 Commercial Air Transportation 3
1.3 Jet Transport Airplanes: A Short History 4
1.4 Regulatory Framework 8
1.5 Performance-Related Activities 9
1.6 Analysis Techniques and Idealizations 12
References 14
2 Engineering Fundamentals 17
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 Notation, Units, and Conversion Factors 18
2.3 Mass, Momentum, Weight, and Gravity 21
2.4 Basics of Rigid Body Dynamics 26
2.5 Basics of Fluid Dynamics 33
2.6 Further Reading 43
References 43
3 Aerodynamic Fundamentals 45
3.1 Introduction 45
3.2 Standard Definitions and Notation 45
3.3 Coordinate Systems and Conventions 53
3.4 Aerodynamic Forces and Moments 55
3.5 Compressibility 63
3.6 Boundary Layers 65
3.7 High Lift Devices 67
3.8 Controls for Pitch, Roll, and Yaw 71
3.9 Further Reading 75
References 75
4 Atmosphere and Weather 77
4.1 Introduction 77
4.2 International Standard Atmosphere 77
4.3 Non-Standard and Off-Standard Atmospheres 85
4.4 The Real Atmosphere 89
4.5 Weather 91
4.6 Stability of the Atmosphere 96
References 98
5 Height Scales and Altimetry
5.1 Introduction 101
5.2 Height Scales 101
5.3 Altimetry 104
5.4 Flight Levels, Tracks, and Airspace 111
References 114
6 Distance and Speed 115
6.1 Introduction 115
6.2 Distance 115
6.3 True Airspeed, Ground Speed, and Navigation 118
6.4 Speed of Sound and Mach Number 120
6.5 Dynamic Pressure and Equivalent Airspeed 121
6.6 Calibrated Airspeed 122
6.7 Indicated Airspeed 127
6.8 Relationship Between Airplane Speeds 128
References 130
7 Lift and Drag 131
7.1 Introduction 131
7.2 Airplane Lift 132
7.3 Airplane Drag 137
7.4 Drag Polar 143
7.5 Drag Polar Corrections 150
7.6 Lift-to-Drag Ratio 158
7.7 Minimum Drag Condition 162
7.8 Minimum Drag Power (Required Power) Condition 164
7.9 Minimum Drag-to-Speed Ratio Condition 166
7.10 Summary of Expressions Based on the Parabolic Drag Polar 169
References 171
8 Propulsion 175
8.1 Introduction 175
8.2 Basic Description of the Turbofan Engine 176
8.3 Engine Thrust 184
8.4 Fuel Flow and Thrust Specific Fuel Consumption 190
8.5 Thrust Control, Engine Design Limits, and Ratings 194
8.6 Thrust Variation 202
8.7 Fuel Flow and TSFC Variation 209
8.8 Installation Losses and Engine Deterioration 212
8.9 Further Reading 217
References 218
9 Takeoff Performance 221
9.1 Introduction 221
9.2 Takeo&ff Distances 222
9.3 Forces Acting on the Airplane During the Ground Run 227
9.4 Evaluation of the Takeo&ff Distance from Brake Release to Rotation 232
9.5 Rotation and Climb-Out to Clear the Screen Height 238
9.6 Empirical Estimation of Takeo&ff Distances 241
9.7 Evaluation of Rejected Takeo&ff Runway Distances 244
9.8 Wheel Braking 247
9.9 Takeo&ff on Contaminated Runways 252
References 255
10 Takeo&ff Field Length and Takeo&ff Climb Considerations 257
10.1 In
