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Informationen zum Autor Plato (428/427 or 424/423 - 348/347 BC) was an Athenian philosopher during the Classical period in Ancient Greece, founder of the Platonist school of thought, and the Academy, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.He is widely considered the pivotal figure in the history of Ancient Greek and Western philosophy, along with his teacher, Socrates, and his most famous student, Aristotle.[a] Plato has also often been cited as one of the founders of Western religion and spirituality.[4] The so-called Neoplatonism of philosophers like Plotinus and Porphyry influenced Saint Augustine and thus Christianity. Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato."[5]Plato was the innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms in philosophy. Plato is also considered the founder of Western political philosophy. His most famous contribution is the theory of Forms known by pure reason, in which Plato presents a solution to the problem of universals known as Platonism (also ambiguously called either Platonic realism or Platonic idealism). He is also the namesake of Platonic love and the Platonic solids.His own most decisive philosophical influences are usually thought to have been along with Socrates, the pre-Socratics Pythagoras, Heraclitus and Parmenides, although few of his predecessors' works remain extant and much of what we know about these figures today derives from Plato himself. Unlike the work of nearly all of his contemporaries, Plato's entire body of work is believed to have survived intact for over 2,400 years.[7] Although their popularity has fluctuated over the years, the works of Plato have never been without readers since the time they were written Zusammenfassung This highly regarded volume features a modern translation of all ten books of The Republic along with a synoptic table of contents! a prefatory essay! and an appendix on The Spindle of Necessity by the translator and editor! Raymond Larson. Also included are an introduction by Eva T.H. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface and background to the Republic xiii Introduction xxiii Principal Dates xlvii Current Opinions of Justice Refuted (Book 1) 1 Introductory Dialogue (Socrates and Cephalus! 328c-331d) 2 First Definition (Cephalus! 331a-d) 5 Refutation (332c-335d) 6 Third Definition (Thrasymachus! 338c-343a) 13 Refutation (339b-e) 14 Redefinition of Ruler (340d-341a) 15 Refutation (341c-343a) 16 New Argument (343a-348a) 18 Refutations of (a): i) 345b-348a) 20 Refutation of (b)! 352d-354a 28 Conclusion (354a-c) 30 Justice Reexamined! in the State and in the Individual (Books 2-4) 31 Adeimantus (362d-367e) 35 The Problem Examined and Solved (368c-445e) 40 Second State of the State (372d-427c) 44 Elementary Education of the guardians (376c-415d) 48 Gymnastics (physical education)! 403c-412b 73 Instilling and testing patriotism and leadership! 412c-415d 81 Living arrangements of guardians and auxiliaries (415d-427c) 85 Conclusion (427c-434d) 94 Wisdom = the knowledge of the guardians (428a-429a) 95 Courage = the auxiliaries' opinion of "what is and is not to be feared" (429a-30c) 96 Temperance = agreement of all three classes about who should rule and be ruled (430d-432b) 97 Justice = each of the three classes "tending its own business" and not preempting the work of another (432b-434d) 99 Composition of the Soul (434d-441c) 101 Conclusion (441d-444e) 109 Degeneration Regimes and Souls! Interrupted (445b-449a) 113 Digression: The Best Regime and Men (Books 5-7) 114 Organization of the Best Regime (451c-461e) 116 Women and children will not be private possessions but common to all of the men. Marriage arrangements! eugenics (457c-461e) 122 The Superiority and Possibility of Such a City (462a-473e) 126 Excursus: regulations for ...
