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Informationen zum Autor James W. Gregory is an associate professor in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Associate Director for UAS of the Aerospace Research Center at The Ohio State University. He received his Bachelor of Aerospace Engineering from Georgia Tech, and masters and doctorate degrees in Aeronautics and Astronautics from Purdue University. His research interests focus on development of pressure-sensitive paint as an advanced measurement technique, drag reduction of bluff body wakes via aerodynamic flow control, and flight testing of unmanned aircraft systems. His work experience includes stints at the US Air Force Research Laboratory Air Vehicles Directorate, the US Air Force Academy, Delta Air Lines, NASA Glenn Research Center, Tohoku University in Japan, and as a Fulbright Scholar at the Technion in Israel. He is an instrument-rated private pilot. Tianshu Liu is a professor and the director of Applied Aerodynamics Laboratory at Western Michigan University. He received a Ph.D. in aeronautics and astronautics from Purdue University in 1996. He was a research scientist at NASA Langley Research Center in 1999-2004. His research areas are experimental and applied aerodynamics and fluid mechanics. In particular, he has contributed to image-based measurement techniques for various physical quantities such as surface pressure, temperature/heat-transfer, skin friction, velocity fields, aeroelastic deformation, and distributed and integrated forces. His topics also include videogrammetry and vision for aerospace applications, flow control, flapping flight, flight vehicle design, turbulence and transition, and flight tests. Klappentext Introduction to Flight TestingIntroduction to Flight TestingProvides an introduction to the basic flight testing methods employed on general aviation aircraft and unmanned aerial vehiclesIntroduction to Flight Testing provides a concise introduction to the basic flight testing methods employed on general aviation aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles for courses in aeronautical engineering. There is particular emphasis on the use of modern on-board instruments and inexpensive, off-the-shelf portable devices that make flight testing accessible to nearly any student.This text presents a clear articulation of standard methods for measuring aircraft performance characteristics. Topics covered include aircraft and instruments, digital data acquisition techniques, flight test planning, the standard atmosphere, uncertainty analysis, level flight performance, airspeed calibration, stall, climb and glide, take-off and landing, level turn, static and dynamic longitudinal stability, lateral-directional stability, and flight testing of unmanned aircraft systems.Unique to this book is a detailed discussion of digital data acquisition (DAQ) techniques, which are an integral part of modern flight test programs. This treatment includes discussion of the analog-to-digital conversion, sample rate, aliasing, and filtering. These critical details provide the flight test engineer with the insight needed to understand the capabilities and limitations of digital DAQ.Key features:* Provides an introduction to the basic flight testing methods and instrumentation employed on general aviation aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles.* Includes examples of flight testing on general aviation aircraft such as Cirrus, Diamond, and Cessna aircraft, along with unmanned aircraft vehicles.* Suitable for courses on Aircraft Flight Test Engineering.Introduction to Flight Testing provides resources and guidance for practitioners in the rapidly-developing field of drone performance flight test and the general aviation flight test community. Zusammenfassung Introduction to Flight TestingIntroduction to Flight TestingProvides an introduction to the basic flight testing methods employed on general aviation aircraft and unmanned...
List of contents
About the Authors xiii
Series Preface xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xxi
About the Companion Website xxiii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Case Study: Supersonic Flight in the Bell XS-1 3
1.2 Types of Flight Testing 9
1.2.1 Scientific Research 9
1.2.2 Experimental Flight Test 12
1.2.3 Developmental Test and Evaluation 14
1.2.4 Operational Test and Evaluation 14
1.2.5 Airworthiness Certification 15
1.3 Objectives and Organization of this Book 17
Nomenclature 18
Acronyms and Abbreviations 19
References 19
2 The Flight Environment: Standard Atmosphere 22
2.1 Earth's Atmosphere 23
2.2 Standard Atmosphere Model 24
2.2.1 Hydrostatics 24
2.2.2 Gravitational Acceleration and Altitude Definitions 25
2.2.3 Temperature 26
2.2.4 Viscosity 27
2.2.5 Pressure and Density 28
2.2.6 Operationalizing the Standard Atmosphere 29
2.2.7 Comparison with Experimental Data 30
2.3 Altitudes Used in Aviation 32
Nomenclature 34
Subscripts 34
Acronyms and Abbreviations 35
References 35
3 Aircraft and Flight Test Instrumentation 36
3.1 Traditional Cockpit Instruments 36
3.1.1 Gyroscopic-Based Instruments 38
3.1.2 Pressure-Based Instruments 38
3.1.3 Outside Air Temperature 41
3.1.4 Other Instrumentation 42
3.2 Glass Cockpit Instruments 42
3.3 Flight Test Instrumentation 45
3.3.1 Global Navigation Satellite System 46
3.3.2 Accelerometers 49
3.3.3 Gyroscopes 49
3.3.4 Magnetometers 50
3.3.5 Barometer 51
3.3.6 Fusion of Sensor Data Streams 51
3.4 Summary 52
Nomenclature 54
Subscripts 54
Acronyms and Abbreviations 54
References 55
4 Data Acquisition and Analysis 56
4.1 Temporal and Spectral Analysis 56
4.2 Filtering 61
4.3 Digital Sampling: Bit Depth Resolution and Sample Rate 63
4.4 Aliasing 66
4.5 Flight Testing Example 69
4.6 Summary 69
Nomenclature 70
Subscripts 70
Acronyms and Abbreviations 70
References 71
5 Uncertainty Analysis 72
5.1 Error Theory 73
5.1.1 Types of Errors 73
5.1.2 Statistics of Random Error 76
5.1.3 Sensitivity Analysis and Uncertainty Propagation 77
5.1.4 Overall Uncertainty Estimate 79
5.1.5 Chauvenet's Criterion for Outliers 79
5.1.6 Monte Carlo Simulation 80
5.2 Basic Error Sources in Flight Testing 81
5.2.1 Uncertainty of Flight Test Instrumentation 81
5.2.2 Example: Uncertainty in Density (Traditional Approach) 85
5.2.3 Example: Uncertainty in True Airspeed (Monte Carlo Approach) 86
Nomenclature 88
Subscripts 89
Acronyms and Abbreviations 89
References 89
6 Flight Test Planning 90
6.1 Flight Test Process 90
6.2 Risk Management 93
6.3 Case Study: Accept No Unnecessary Risk 96
6.4 Individual Flight Planning 97
6.4.1 Flight Area and Airspace 98
6.4.2 Weather and NOTAMs 99
6.4.3 Weight and Balance 100
6.4.4 Airplane Pre-Flight 103
6.5 Conclusion 105
Nomenclature 105
Acronyms and Abbreviations 105
References 105
7 Drag Polar Measurement in Level Flight 107
7.1 Theory 107
