Introduction to the Physics of Electron Emission - Theory and Simulation

Informationen zum Autor Kevin Jensen, PhD is a research physicist in the Materials and Systems Branch, Materials Science and Technology Division, at the Naval Research Laboratory. Since 2001, he has been a visiting senior research scientist at the University of Maryland's Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics (IREAP). Dr. Jensen joined the theory section of the Vacuum Electronics Branch at NRL in 1990. He earned a doctorate in physics from New York University in 1987. He has been and is Principal Investigator for several research programs investigating the application of electron sources (particularly field and photoemission sources) to microwave devices and Free Electron Lasers. Over the years, he has authored or coauthored over 150 articles and conference proceedings. He became a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2009 for his contributions to the theory and modeling of electron emission sources for particle accelerators and microwave tubes. He presently serves on the Editorial Board of Journal of Applied Physics. Klappentext A practical, in-depth description of the physics behind electron emission physics and its usage in science and technology Electron emission is both a fundamental phenomenon and an enabling component that lies at the very heart of modern science and technology. Written by a recognized authority in the field, with expertise in both electron emission physics and electron beam physics, An Introduction to Electron Emission provides an in-depth look at the physics behind thermal, field, photo, and secondary electron emission mechanisms, how that physics affects the beams that result through space charge and emittance growth, and explores the physics behind their utilization in an array of applications. The book addresses mathematical and numerical methods underlying electron emission, describing where the equations originated, how they are related, and how they may be correctly used to model actual sources for devices using electron beams. Writing for the beam physics and solid state communities, the author explores applications of electron emission methodology to solid state, statistical, and quantum mechanical ideas and concepts related to simulations of electron beams to condensed matter, solid state and fabrication communities. Provides an extensive description of the physics behind four electron emission mechanisms-field, photo, and secondary, and how that physics relates to factors such as space charge and emittance that affect electron beams. Introduces readers to mathematical and numerical methods, their origins, and how they may be correctly used to model actual sources for devices using electron beams Demonstrates applications of electron methodology as well as quantum mechanical concepts related to simulations of electron beams to solid state design and manufacture Designed to function as both a graduate-level text and a reference for research professionals Introduction to the Physics of Electron Emission is a valuable learning tool for postgraduates studying quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, solid state physics, electron transport, and beam physics. It is also an indispensable resource for academic researchers and professionals who use electron sources, model electron emission, develop cathode technologies, or utilize electron beams. Zusammenfassung A practical! in-depth description of the physics behind electron emission physics and its usage in science and technologyElectron emission is both a fundamental phenomenon and an enabling component that lies at the very heart of modern science and technology. Written by a recognized authority in the field! with expertise in both electron emission physics and electron beam physics! An Introduction to Electron Emission provides an in-depth look at the physics behind thermal! field! photo! and secondary electron emission me...

List of contents

Acknowledgements xiii
 
Part I: Foundations
 
1 Prelude 3
 
2 Units and evaluation 7
 
2.1 Numerical accuracy 7
 
2.2 Atomic-sized units 8
 
2.3 Units based on emission 11
 
3 Pre-quantum models 13
 
3.1 Discovery of electron emission 13
 
3.2 The Drude model and Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics 13
 
3.3 The challenge of photoemission 19
 
4 Statistics 25
 
4.1 Distinguishable particles 25
 
4.2 Probability and states 28
 
4.3 Probability and entropy 30
 
4.4 Combinatorics and products of probability 33
 
5 Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution 37
 
5.1 Classical phase space 37
 
5.2 Most probable distribution 39
 
5.3 Energy and entropy 41
 
5.4 The Gibbs paradox 42
 
5.5 Ideal Gas in a potential gradient 44
 
5.6 The grand partition function 45
 
5.7 A nascent model of electron emission 46
 
6 Quantum distributions 49
 
6.1 Bose-Einstein distribution 49
 
6.2 Fermi-Dirac distribution 50
 
6.3 The Riemann zeta function 50
 
6.4 Chemical potential 52
 
6.5 Classical to quantum statistics 56
 
6.6 Electrons and white dwarf stars 57
 
7 A box of electrons 61
 
7.1 Scattering 61
 
7.2 From classical to quantum mechanics 61
 
7.3 Moments and distributions 63
 
7.4 Boltzmann's transport equation 64
 
8 Quantum mechanics methods 73
 
8.1 A simple model: the prisoner's dilemma 73
 
8.2 Matrices and wave functions 78
 
9 Quintessential problems 91
 
9.1 The hydrogen atom 92
 
9.2 Transport past barriers 102
 
9.3 The harmonic oscillator 110
 
Part II: The canonical equations
 
10 A brief history 121
 
10.1 Thermal emission 121
 
10.2 Field emission 122
 
10.3 Photoemission 123
 
10.4 Secondary emission 124
 
10.5 Space-charge limited emission 124
 
10.6 Resources and further reading 124
 
11 Anatomy of current density 127
 
11.1 Supply function 128
 
11.2 Gamow factor 128
 
11.3 Image charge potential 131
 
12 Richardson-Laue-Dushman equation 135
 
12.1 Approximations 135
 
12.2 Analysis of thermal emission data 136
 
13 Fowler-Nordheim equation 139
 
13.1 Triangular barrier approximation 140
 
13.2 Image charge approximation 141
 
13.3 Analysis of field emission data 145
 
13.4 The Millikan-Lauritsen hypothesis 146
 
14 Fowler-Dubridge equation 149
 
14.1 Approximations 149
 
14.2 Analysis of photoemission data 153
 
15 Baroody equation 155
 
15.1 Approximations 155
 
15.2 Analysis of secondary emission data 160
 
15.3 Subsequent approximations 161
 
16 Child-Langmuir law 163
 
16.1 Constant density approximation 164
 
16.2 Constant current approximation 165
 
16.3 Transit time approximation 168
 
17 A General thermal-field-photoemission equation 173
 
17.1 Experimental thermal-field energy distributions 175
 
17.2 Theoretical thermal-field energy distributions 176
 
17.3 The N(n,s,u) function 181
 
17.4 Brute force evaluation 189
 
17.5 A computationally kind model 193
 
17.6 General thermal-field emission code 198
 
Part III: Exact tunneling and transmission evaluation
 
18 Simple barriers 209
 
18.1 Rectangular barrier 209
 
18.2 Triangular barrier: general method 213
 
18.3 Triangular barrier: numerical 222
 
19

Product details

• Authors: Kevin J. Jensen, Kevin L Jensen, Kevin L. Jensen, Kevin L. (Naval Research Laboratory) Jensen, Kl Jensen, Jensen Kevin L.
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 24.11.2017
• EAN: 9781119051893
• ISBN: 978-1-119-05189-3
• No. of pages: 720
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Physics, astronomy > Atomic physics, nuclear physics; Non-fiction book > Nature, technology > Astronomy: general, reference works; Chemie, Physik, Spektroskopie, Wärmelehre, Festkörperphysik, chemistry, Physics, spectroscopy, Solid State Physics, Thermal Physics & Statistical Mechanics, Wärmelehre u. Statistische Mechanik