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Informationen zum Autor John F. Robertson is Professor of Ancient and Middle Eastern Studies at the Central Michigan University. Klappentext Covers the entire history of Iraq, from the seminal advances of its Neolithic inhabitants to the aftermath of the American-led invasion and Iraq today. Zusammenfassung A unique account of Iraq – cradle of great civilizations and birthplace of the first cities Inhaltsverzeichnis Foreword Introduction: The Glory and the Curse of Iraq’s Past1 Places, Peoples, Potentials: the Enduring Foundations of Life in Iraq The “Land Between the Rivers” Distribution of Raw Materials and Natural Resources Iraq’s Accessibility and Vulnerability to External Forces The Peoples and Social Patterns of Iraq2 Cradle of Civilization “History Begins at Sumer” The First Cities and the Invention of Writing The Early Dynastic Period (Ca. 2900–2350 BCE) The Akkad Period (Ca. 2350–2150 BCE) The Ur III Period (Ca. 2100–2000 BCE) The Old Babylonian and Old Assyrian Periods (Ca. 2000–1595 BCE) The Kassite and Middle Assyrian Periods (1595 to Ca. 1000 BCE) Transition to Empire, Ca. 1100–900 BCE The Great “World Empires” (Ca. 900–539 BCE): The Neo-Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian Periods3 Cradle of Empires The Rediscovery of “The Might That Was Assyria” Assyria and the Bible: Creating a Bogeyman Assyrian Zenith Babylon: The Curse of an Ancient Image “The Greatness That [Really] Was Babylon” The Long Twilight of Iraq’s Ancient Imperial Era 4 Cradle of Religions, Crucible of Conflicts Religion in Ancient Mesopotamia/Iraq The Achaemenid Persians and the Religion of the Wise Lord Alexander the Great and the Coming of Hellenism Iraq under Parthian Rule: Religious Toleration and Vitality From Palestine to Mesopotamia: Iraq as a Cradle of World Religions Iraq under the Sassanids: Religious Mosaic and Holy War Jews under the Sassanids Christians under the Sassanids “Gnostics” and the Apostle of Light5 Iraq, Islam, and the Golden Age of the Arab Empire Prelude to the Coming of Islam and the Arab Conquest of Iraq Muhammad and the Origins of the Community of Islam The Arab Muslim Conquest of Iraq: The Early Forging of Arab (Versus Persian) Identity Iraq and the Early Forging of Shi‘ite (Versus Sunni) Identity Iraq under Umayyad Rule The Abbasid Caliphate: Iraq as the Center of Islamic Civilization Abbasid Decline: Iraq Drifts Away from Center Stage6 Interlude: From Cradle to Backwater Iraq under the Buyids, Seljuks, and Mongols The Coming of the Seljuks and Turkish Authority The Crusades and Saladin The Mongol Invasion and Its Aftermath Iraq in the Era of the “Gunpowder Empires” European Inroads The Seeds of Iraq’s Revival 7 The Creation and Zenith of Modern Iraq Setting the Stage World War I and Its Aftermath: The Hashemite Monarchy, the British, and Oil Enter Oil The Birth of Iraqi and Arab Nationalisms The Nationalist Response to British Domination Arab and Iraqi Nationalism, the Cold War, the Emergence of Israel, and the Poisoned Blessing of Oil The Republic: Competing Nationalisms, Resistance to the West, and New Wealth The Continuing Development and Impact of Iraqi and Arab Nationalism under the Republic Iraq’s Conquest of Its Oil under the Republic 8 The Long Descent Republican Iraq and the Cold War Powers until 1980 Saddam’s Qadissiya: The Iran–Iraq War, 1980–88 The Crisis with Kuwait Operation Desert Storm 1991–2003: The Scourge of Sanctions The Anglo-American Invasion of Iraq Epilogue: “Tell Me How This Ends” Afterword Notes Bibliography Index...
