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Informationen zum Autor The CENTER FOR CHEMICAL PROCESS SAFETY (CCPS), an industry technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has been a world leader in developing and disseminatinginformation on process safety management and technology since 1985. CCPS has published over 80 books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concepts series. For more information, visit www.ccpsonline.org. Klappentext Almost all the major accident investigations--Texas City, Piper Alpha, the Phillips 66 explosion, Feyzin, Mexico City--show human error as the principal cause, either in design, operations, maintenance, or the management of safety. This book provides practical advice that can substantially reduce human error at all levels. In eight chapters--packed with case studies and examples of simple and advanced techniques for new and existing systems--the book challenges the assumption that human error is "unavoidable." Instead, it suggests a systems perspective. This view sees error as a consequence of a mismatch between human capabilities and demands and inappropriate organizational culture. This makes error a manageable factor and, therefore, avoidable. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Figures and Tables. Preface. Glossary and Acronyms. 1. Introduction: The Role of Human Error in Chemical Process Safety. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 The Role of Human Error in System Accidents. 1.3 Why Is Human Error Neglected in the CPI? 1.4 Benefits of Improved Human Performance. 1.5 The Traditional and System-induced Error Approach. 1.6 A Demand-Resource Mismatch View of Error. 1.7 A Case Study Illustrating the System-Induced Error Approach. 1.8 From Theory to Practice. 1.9 Appendix Case Studies. 2. Understanding Human Performance and Error. 2.1 Purpose of the Chapter. 2.2 Concepts of Human Error. 2.3 An Overview of the Four Perspective on Human Error. 2.4 The Traditional Safety Engineering Approach to Accidents and Human Error. 2.5 The Human Factors Engineering and Ergonomics Approach (HF/E). 2.6 The Cognitive Engineering Perspective. 2.7 The Sociotechnical Perspective. 2.8 Summary. 2.9 Appendix 2A. Process Plant Example of the Stepladder Model. 2.10 Appendix 2B. Flowcharts for Using the Rasmussen Sequential Model for Incident Analysis (Petersen, 1985). 2.11 Appendix 2C. Case Study Illustrating the Use of the Sequential Model. 3. Factors Affecting Human Performance in the Chemical Industry. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Applications of Performance-Influencing Factors. 3.3 A Classification Structure for Performance-Influencing Factors. 3.4 Operating Environment. 3.5 Task Characteristics. 3.6 Operator Characteristics. 3.7 Organizational and Social Factors. 3.8 Interaction of Performance-Influencing Factors. 3.9 Variability of Human Performance during Normal and Emergency Situations. 3.10 Summary. 4. Analytical Methods for Predicting and Reducing Human Error. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Data Acquisition Techniques. 4.3 Task Analysis. 4.4 Human Error Analysis Techniques. 4.5 Ergonomics Checklists. 4.6 Summary. 5. Qualitative and Quantitative Prediction of Human Error in Risk Assessment. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 The Role of Human Reliability in Risk Assessment. 5.3 System for Predictive Error Analysis and Reduction (SPEAR). 5.4 Critical Task Identification and Screening Analysis. 5.5 Qualitative Human Error Analysis. 5.6 Representation. 5.7 Quantification. 5.8 Summary. 5.9 Appendix 5A. Influence Diagram Calculations. 6. Data Collection and Incident Analysis Methods. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 An Overview ...
