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Informationen zum Autor Peter A. Henderson , Director of Pisces Conservation, Southampton, UK. T. R. E. Southwood , Lecturer, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK. Klappentext 4th edition of this classic Ecology text* Computational methods have largely been replaced by descriptions of the available software* Includes procedure information for R software and other freely available software systems* Now includes web references for equipment, software and detailed methodologies Zusammenfassung 4th edition of this classic Ecology text Computational methods have largely been replaced by descriptions of the available softwareIncludes procedure information for R software and other freely available software systemsNow includes web references for equipment, software and detailed methodologies Inhaltsverzeichnis Prefaces xiii About the Companion Website xix 1 Introduction to the Study of Animal Populations 1 1.1 Population estimates 2 1.1.1 Absolute and related estimates 2 1.1.2 Relative estimates 3 1.1.3 Population indices 4 1.2 Errors and confidence 4 References 5 2 The Sampling Programme and the Measurement and Description of Dispersion 7 2.1 Preliminary sampling 7 2.1.1 Planning and fieldwork 7 2.1.2 Statistical aspects 10 2.2 The sampling programme 16 2.2.1 The number of samples per habitat unit (e.g. plant, host or puddle) 16 2.2.2 The sampling unit, its selection, size and shape 20 2.2.3 The number of samples 21 2.2.4 The pattern of sampling 24 2.2.5 The timing of sampling 26 2.3 Dispersion 27 2.3.1 Mathematical distributions that serve as models 28 2.3.2 Biological interpretation of dispersion parameters 40 2.3.3 Nearest-neighbour and related techniques: measures of population size or of the departure from randomness of the distribution 48 2.4 Sequential sampling 51 2.4.1 Sampling numbers 51 2.5 Presence or absence sampling 55 2.6 Sampling a fauna 57 2.7 Biological and other qualitative aspects of sampling 59 2.8 Jack knife and Bootstrap techniques 60 References 62 3 Absolute Population Estimates Using Capture-Recapture Experiments 77 3.1 Capture-recapture methods 78 3.1.1 Assumptions common to most methods 79 3.1.2 Estimating closed populations 86 3.1.3 Estimations for open populations 93 3.2 Methods of marking animals 103 3.2.1 Handling techniques 105 3.2.2 Release 107 3.2.3 Surface marks using paints and solutions of dyes 108 3.2.4 Dyes and fluorescent substances in powder form 112 3.2.5 Pollen 114 3.2.6 Marking formed by feeding on or absorption of dyes 114 3.2.7 Marking by injection, panjet or tattooing 116 3.2.8 External tags 116 3.2.9 Branding 117 3.2.10 Mutilation 118 3.2.11 Natural marks, parasites and genes 118 3.2.12 Rare elements 119 3.2.13 Protein marking 120 3.2.14 Radioactive isotopes 120 3.2.15 Radio and sonic tags 120 References 121 4 Absolute Population Estimates by Sampling a Unit of Habitat - Air, Plants, Plant Products and Vertebrate Hosts 139 4.1 Sampling from the air 139 4.2 Sampling apparatus 140 4.2.1 Exposed cone (Johnson-Taylor) suction trap 140 4.2.2 Enclosed cone types of suction trap including the Rothamsted 12 m trap 141 4.2.3 Rotary and other traps 143 4.3 Comparison and efficiencies of the different types of suction traps 144 4.3.1 Conversion of catch to aerial density 145 4.3.2 Conversion of density to total aerial population 146 4.4 Sampling from plants 146 4.4.1 Assessing the plant 147 4.4.2 Determining the numbers of invertebrates 147 4.4.3 The extraction of...
