Managing Hypertension - Tools to Improve Health and Prevent Complications

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common chronic disease affecting people of different ages, cultural backgrounds and socio-economic statuses worldwide. Research links hypertension to increased risk of heart disease, kidney disease and cardiovascular disease--the leading cause of death worldwide. This book provides an up-to-date illustrated overview of research findings concerning hypertension, covering risk factors, increase in prevalence, cultures affected and challenges to treating and managing the disease in specific populations. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods for effectively managing hypertension are discussed.

List of contents

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments

Preface

Introduction

Part

1.縃ypertension: An Overview

Overview of Blood Pressure and High Blood Pressure�BR>
Are There Symptoms of High Blood Pressure?�BR>
Blood Pressure Measurements�BR>
Proper Steps to Measure Blood Pressure Manually�BR>
What Is Hypertension or High Blood Pressure?�

Prehypertension�

Risk Factors for Prehypertension�

Prehypertension Stages�

I've Been Diagnosed with Prehypertension. What Is the Course of Action?�

Dentistry and Hypertension�

Home Blood Pressure Monitoring�

Classifications of High Blood Pressure�

Etiology (Causes) of Hypertension�

Adult Blood Pressure Levels�

Risk Factors for Hypertension�

2.縃ypertension Prevalence

Prevalence of Hypertension in African Americans�

Diseases Attributable to Hypertension�

Statistics of Hypertension, Mortality, and Morbidity-A Brief Overview�

Manifestation of Hypertension (Pathophysiology)�

Sodium Sensitivity�

Genetics�

Natural History of Essential Hypertension�

How Complicated Hypertension Affects Target Organs�

Variation in Rates of High Blood Pressure by Age, Gender, and Race�

Brief Overview: Role of the Heart in Blood Pressure�

Position of the Heart�

3.ç·¾ardiovascular Disease

Home Blood Pressure Monitoring�

Negative Outcomes of Clinic Visits Versus Home Blood Pressure Monitoring�

Self-Management for Hypertension Using Home Blood Pressure Monitoring�

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring�

Reducing Risk Factors of Coronary Heart Disease in Special Populations to Meet Healthy People 2020 Objective�

Hypertension and Its Relation to Left Ventricular Hypertrophy�

Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)�

Definition of Heart Failure�

Stages of Heart Failure�

Heart Failure in Ethnic Minority Populations in Canad�

Role of Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease�

Hypertension and Heart Disease in Diabetes�

Some Coronary Artery Changes in People with Diabetes and Whether Vitamin D Deficiency Plays a Role�

Biochemical Changes in Diabetes�

Diabetic Atherosclerosis�

Diabetic Coronary Plaque�

Heart Disease Risk Factors�

4.縑itamin D

What Is Vitamin D and How Is It Metabolized?�

Functions of Vitamin D�

Does Vitamin D Play a Role in the Development of Hypertension?�

Some Food Sources of Vitamin D�

The Connection Between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Blood Pressure: A Comparison�

Lower Vitamin D Levels and Mortality�

Parathyroid Hormone and Vitamin D Levels�

Low Vitamin D Levels and Cardiovascular Disease�

5.縆idney Disease

Brief Description of the Kidneys�

Functions of the Kidneys�

Causes of Kidney Disease�

The Kidneys: Fluid Balance, Electrolytes, and Waste Products�

Renin and Blood Pressure�

Economic Impact of Kidney Disease in the United States�

Two Major Complications of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)�

Chronic Kidney Disease and Its Prevalence�

Prevalence of 璄nd-Stage Renal Disease�

Kidney Disease and Hypertension�

Does Weight Play a Role in the Development of Chronic Kidney Disease?�

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Hypertensive Chronic Kidney Disease�

Diabetic Kidney Disease and Blood Pressure�

Definition of Chronic Kidney Disease�

The Five Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease and Their Detection�

Modalities for Kidney Failure-Brief Statistics�

Hypertension and Kidney Disease�

Uncontrolled Blood Pressure and Chronic Kidney Disease�

Autoimmune Diseases and Chronic Kidney Disease�

End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment in the United States�

Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis�

Vascular Access: A Brief History of the Pioneers�

Three Types of Vascular Access�

Arteriovenous Fistul�

Advantages of Arteriovenous Fistul�

Disadvantages�

Maintenance of Arteriovenous Fistul�

Live Kidney Donors and African Americans�

6.縎troke and Cerebrovascular Disease

Stroke Mortality Reduction in the United States�

Risk Factors for Stroke�

Possible Cause of Stroke�

How Does Stroke Happen?�

Prevalence of Stroke�

Avoidable Deaths Statistics from Stroke, Hypertension, and Heart Disease in the United States�

Strategies to Avoid Stroke Deaths�0

Mortality: Stroke�1

Lifestyle Changes for Decreasing Stroke Risk�1

Stroke Types�3

Economic Impact of Stroke�5

High Blood Pressure and Ischemic Stroke�5

Genetic Variation and Intracerebral Hemorrhage�7

Disparities in Stroke Risks�7

Effects After Stroke�2

Part

7.縉onpharmacological Management for Hypertension

Individual Lifestyle Modifications for Hypertension Management�7

The Roundtable Recommendation for Blood Pressure Management: The Lifestyle Approach�9

An Overview of the GenSalt Study�1

Adherence Interventions: Lifestyle Modifications, Medicine and Home Blood Pressure Monitoring�2

Intervention Approach: Blood Pressure Improvement in Primary Care for African Americans

Utilization of Community Settings for Lifestyle Interventions�4

Church Interventions to Promote Lifestyle Changes�7

Dietary Supplements for Hypertension�8

Physical Activity for Hypertension Management�9

Hypertension: Gait Slowing in Older Adults�2

Nutritional Intake and Physical Activity as Cardiovascular Risk Factors�5

Self-Efficacy and 璖elf-Care Management for Hypertension�8

A Review of 璓atient-Tailored 璖elf-Management for Blood Pressure�9

Definition of 璖elf-Management�0

Self-Management for Blood Pressure Control�0

Tailored Interventions' Effectiveness: 璖elf-Management Behaviors for Chronic Diseases�2

8.縋harmacological Management for Hypertension

Hypertension and Increased Age�7

Consistent Care Versus Standard Care for Blood Pressure Control Among African Americans and Whites�8

Medicine�8

Forms of Medication Used for Hypertension�9

Functions of Blood Pressure Medications�9

Some Popular Blood Pressure Medications�9

JNC 8 Guidelines�3

Resistant Hypertension�4

A Glance: Hypertension Management by Various Hypertension Societies�9

Differences in Medication Response in 璑on-Hispanic Whites and African Americans�1

Medication Adherence�1

Factors or Barriers to Medication Adherence for Hypertension in Different Cultural Groups�3

Factors That Affect Medication Adherence in African Americans with Hypertension�7

9.縃ypertension Case Stories

The Story of an African American Woman�1

The Case of Jasper (J.M.)�2

Janice: A New Diagnosis of Hypertension and Kidney Failure�3

Donald's Story�4

10.縃ypertension: Prevalence, Consequences and Lifestyle Modification Factors

Hypertension Prevalence in Football Players�7

Prehypertension and Hypertension: Physical Therapists' Involvement�8

High Blood Pressure in Blacks�0

Question: 璖elf-Report Questionnaires for Antihypertensive Medication Adherence�2

Cardiovascular Disease�3

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Differences in Various Ethnicities in Canad�7

Women and Coronary Artery Disease�0

Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease�1

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)�3

End-Stage Renal Disease: Psychosocial Impact and Knowledge Needs

Overview of Vitamin D, Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease�BR>
Summary�3

Appendix 1.縎ample ç’…ive-Day Meal Plan

Appendix 2.縏est Your Knowledge of Hypertension

Bibliography

Index

About the author

Registered nurse Sandra A. Moulton is an urgent care coordinator at Toronto Central Community Care Access Centre in Toronto, Canada and has been a part-time clinical instructor at the University of New Brunswick Nursing School of Health Sciences. She lives in Scarborough, Ontario Canada.Elaine A. Moore has worked in hospital laboratories for more than 30 years, primarily in immunohematology and toxicology. She is a freelance medical writer and laboratory consultant. For more information, visit her website at www.elaine-moore.com. She lives in Sedalia, Colorado.

Summary

Provides an up-to-date illustrated overview of hypertension, covering risk factors, increase in prevalence, cultures affected and challenges to treating and managing the disease in specific populations. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods for effectively managing hypertension are discussed.

Product details

• Authors: Sandra A. Moulton, Sandra A./ Moore Moulton, Moulton Sandra A.
• Assisted by: Elaine A. Moore (Editor), Moore Elaine A. (Editor)
• Publisher: McFarland
• Languages: English
• Age Recommendation: from age 18
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 30.11.2015
• EAN: 9780786494217
• ISBN: 978-0-7864-9421-7
• Series: McFarland Health Topics; McFarland Health Topics
• Subjects: Guides > Health; Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Medicine > Clinical medicine; MEDICAL / Cardiology, Coping with illness & specific conditions, Cardiovascular medicine, HEALTH & FITNESS / Diseases & Conditions / Heart