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Welches Monitoring-Verfahren ist für einen gegebenen Membranprozess geeignet? Die Auswahl fällt oft schwer -- und dieser Band kommt zur rechten Zeit! Kritisch vergleichen die Autoren verschiedene Methoden mit ihren Grundlagen, Einsatzmöglichkeiten, Stärken, Schwächen und Grenzen, wobei sie ihre Aussagen anhand von Fallstudien nachvollziehbar belegen. Im Einzelnen behandelt werden Lichtmikroskopie, Elektronenmikroskopie, elektrische, akustische und Laserverfahren sowie prozessorientierte Ansätze.
List of contents
INTRODUCTION: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF REAL TIME MONITORING ON MEMBRANE PROCESSESIntroductionMicroscopic Techniques in Membrane CharacterizationElectrical, Laser, Magnetic and Acoustic Techniques in Membrane or Membrane Process CharacterizationProcess Oriented Monitoring TechniquesFuture Scope of Sensors in Membrane Process CharacterizationPART I: Optical and Electronic Microscopic Techniques on Membrane Process CharacterizationDIRECT VISUAL OBSERVATION OF MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE FOULING AND CLEANINGIntroductionParticle DepositionParticle RemovalMICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMBRANE MORPHOLOGYIntroductionMembrane Characterization Morphology ParametersMicroscopy Techniques for Membrane Morphology CharacterizationCase StudiesCONFOCAL SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY: FUNDAMENTALS AND USES ON MEMBRANE FOULING CHARACTERIZATION AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR ONLINE MONITORINGIntroductionFundamentals of Confocal Scanning Laser MicroscopyApplications of CSLM to Membranes and Membrane ProcessesEvaluating Limits and Prospects of CSLM in the Characterization of Membranes and Membrane ProcessesSCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES IN THE INVESTIGATION OF HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS DENSE MEMBRANES: THE CASE FOR GAS SEPARATION MEMBRANESIntroductionMicroscopic TechniquesGas Separation MembranesCase StudiesATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY INVESTIGATIONS OF MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE PROCESSESIntroductionThe Range of PossibilitiesCorrespondence Between Surface Pore Dimensions from AFM and MWCOImaging in Liquid and the Determination of Surface Electrical PropertiesEffects of Surface Roughness on Interactions with Particles"Visualization" of the Rejection of a Colloid by a Membrane Pore and Critical FluxThe Use of AFM in Membrane DevelopmentCONFOCAL RAMAN MICROSCOPY FOR MEMBRANE CONTENT VISUALIZATIONIntroductionThe Raman EffectRaman MicrospectrometryConfocal Raman MicroscopySpecific Data ProcessingVisualization Using Raman SpectroscopyMembrane Systems ApplicationsIN SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMBRANE FOULING AND CLEANING USING A MULTIPHOTON MICROSCOPEOverviewOptical Techniques for Characterization of Membrane FoulingPartial Review of Fouling and CleaningMaterials and MethodsImaging Cake FoulingImaging of Protein FoulingIn Situ Characterization of Cell-Protein FoulingPART II: Electrical, Laser and Acoustic Techniques for Membrane Process CharacterizationELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMBRANESIntroductionElectrical MeasurementsExperimentalResults of Electrical Measurements for Different Types of MembranesX-RAY TOMOGRAPHY APPLICATION TO 3D CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMBRANESPrinciples of X-Ray TomographyApplication of X-Ray Tomography in the Membrane FieldOPTICAL AND ACOUSTIC METHODS FOR IN SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMBRANE FOULINGIntroductionApproachIn Situ Deposit Characterization with an Optical Method Using a Laser Sheet at Grazing IncidenceIn Situ Deposit Characterization with an Acoustic MethodPART III: Process-Oriented Monitoring TechniquesMONITORING OF MEMBRANE PROCESS USING FLUORESCENCE TECHNIQUES: ADVANCES AND LIMITATIONIntroduction: Why Use Natural Fluorescence as a Monitoring Technique?Natural Fluorescence TechniquesMonitoring of Membrane ProcessesMEMBRANE EMULSIFICATION PROCESSES AND CHARACTERIZATION METHODSIntroductionEmulsification TechnologyMembrane Emulsification ProcessesTOWARDS FOULING MONITORING AND VISUALIZATION IN MEMBRANE BIOREACTORSIntroductionFactors Affecting Fouling in MBRFouling by Biological MaterialFouling Characterization Without Visualization TechniquesInvasive Methods for Fouling ObservationNon-Invasive Observation MethodsMONITORING TECHNIQUE FOR WATER TREATMENT MEMBRANE PROCESSESIntroductionDevelopment of Fouling Monitoring TechniquesDynamic Analysis of Online Fouling Monitoring
About the author
Carme Güell is currently Associate Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Rovira I Virgili University (Spain). She obtained her PhD from the University of Barcelona and had post-doctoral positions at the University of California at Davis and the University of Colorado at Boulder. Currently she is serving as Degree Coordinator in the dean's board of the Enology Faculty in Tarragona.
Montserrat Ferrando is Assistant Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering at the Rovira I Virgili University. Dr. Ferrando graduated in Chemistry at the University of Valencia in 1992, her doctoral training was obtained at the Federal Research Centre for Nutrition in Karlsruhe (Germany) and in 2001 she obtained her PhD (European mention) in Chemical Engineering from the Rovira i Virgili University. She spent a post-doctoral visit at the Helmholz Institute for Biomedical Engineering at RWTH Aachen University in Germany (2002).
Francisco López is Associate Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Rovira I Virgili University. He obtained his PhD from the University of Barcelona and had post-doctoral positions at the Institute of Chemical Engineering in Toulouse (France) and the Institute of Agro-Food Process Engineering in Agen (France).
Summary
Welches Monitoring-Verfahren ist für einen gegebenen Membranprozess geeignet? Die Auswahl fällt oft schwer -- und dieser Band kommt zur rechten Zeit! Kritisch vergleichen die Autoren verschiedene Methoden mit ihren Grundlagen, Einsatzmöglichkeiten, Stärken, Schwächen und Grenzen, wobei sie ihre Aussagen anhand von Fallstudien nachvollziehbar belegen. Im Einzelnen behandelt werden Lichtmikroskopie, Elektronenmikroskopie, elektrische, akustische und Laserverfahren sowie prozessorientierte Ansätze.
