Neurobiology of Food and Fluid Intake

When I began graduate school in 1961, Physiological Psychology was alive with adventure and opportunity. It seemed possible, indeed easy, to determine which part of the brain influenced which aspect of behavior, and the relative absence of technical hurdles encouraged neophytes into the laboratory. New theories of brain function based on a wealth of reliable and provocative findings also stimu lated further laboratory investigation. And the results obtained in studies of food and fluid ingestion certainly were exciting, albeit perplexing. For example, eating could be stimulated by injecting one chemical agent into the rat brain, whereas drinking was stimulated by i~ecting a different chemical through the same hypothalamic cannula. After focal brain lesions rats would overeat but not work harder to obtain food. After other brain lesions in adjacent sites, rats would stop eating and drinking altogether, but ingestive behaviors would return gradu ally over a period of weeks or months despite permanent brain injury. Although some of these observations and related findings may provide less insight into the central control of ingestive behavior than had been believed initially, there was a strong impression then that much more was known about eating and drinking than other behaviors, and they became models of motivated activities in addition to being of interest in their own right. Twenty-two years ago, the American Physiological Society published the first handbook devoted exclusively to the subject of alimentary behavior.

List of contents

I Retrospective Essays.- 1 Brain and Behavior.- Retrospective View of Brain and Behavior.- The Physiology of Motivation.- Hedonic Processes.- Looking Back.- Looking Ahead.- References.- 2 Thirst and Sodium Appetite.- 1758: The Black Hole of Calcutta.- 1816: The Shipwreck of La Méduse.- 1936: McCance's Experimental Sodium Chloride Deficiency in Man.- 1821-1832: Dupuytren, Magendie, O'Shaughnessy, and Latta and the Relief of Thirst by Intravenous Fluid.- 1954: The Kidney and Thirst Regulation.- 1990: Renin-Angiotensin Systems, Thirst, and Sodium Appetite.- Conclusion.- References.- 3 Homeostatic Origins of Ingestive Behavior.- Physiological and Behavioral Contributions to Homeostasis.- Multiple Stimuli in the Control of Ingestive Behavior.- Behavioral Arousal and Stress.- Models of Ingestive Behavior.- Summary.- References.- 4 Behavioral Treatment of Obesity.- Why Behavior Therapy?.- Treatment of Adult Obesity.- Treatment of Childhood Obesity.- Interface of Behavioral Treatments with Basic Behavioral, Metabolic, and Genetic Research.- Behavioral Research.- Genetics.- Link Specific Treatments with Specific Etiologies.- Conclusions.- References.- II Food Intake and Caloric Homeostasis.- 5 The Ontogeny of Ingestive Behavior: Changing Control of Components in the Feeding.- The Sequential and Component Nature of Early Appetitive Behavior.- Separate Control of Appetitive Response Components.- The Sequence of Suckling Components in Rodents.- What Suckling Tells Us about Feeding Systems.- The Simple Independent Ingestive Responses of Young Rats.- The Final Ingestive Response Component Is Present at Birth.- Early Ingestive Responses Are Influenced by the Sensory Properties of Infused Diets.- Early Ingestive Responses Are Modulated by Changes in Physiological State.- The Onset of Feeding in Older Pups.- Summary of the Development of Rats' Final Ingestive Component.- Beyond the Final Ingestive Response Component: Extending Ingestion into the Environment.- Ingesting from the Floor.- Patterns of Spontaneous Independent Ingestion Change during Development.- Directing Ingestive Behavior.- Drinking versus Feeding: An Example of Control Only at an Initial Component in the Appetitive Sequence.- What Causes Developmental Change in Ingestive Behavior?.- Altered Signals of Physiological State?.- New Neural Controls of Ingestion.- Changing Contributions of Experience to the Control of Ingestion?.- Changing Organization, Hierarchies, and the Dynamics of Appetitive Expression and Control.- Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 6 Caudal Brainstem Participates in the Distributed Neural Control of Feeding.- An Approach to the Neural Basis of Feeding Behavior.- Response Topography.- Stimuli That Elicit, Sustain, and Terminate Consummatory Behavior.- Integration at Lowest Anatomical Level in the Neural Hierarchy.- An Investigation of the Contribution of the Caudal Brainstem to Food Intake Control.- The Caudal Brainstem Produces Consummatory Behavior.- The Caudal Brainstem Is Sufficient for the Production of Discriminative Responses to Taste.- The Caudal Brainstem Is Sufficient for Integration of Taste Afferent Input and Interoceptive Signals to Regulate Ingestive Consummatory Behavior.- Caudal Brainstem Orchestrates Autonomic as Well as Behavioral Compensatory Responses to Metabolic Challenge.- Caudal Brainstem Location of Metabolic Interoceptors Stimulating Both Behavioral and Autonomic Compensation.- Primacy of Caudal Brainstem Function: Conclusions and Qualifications.- Interoceptor Locations.- Integration.- Appetitive Behavior.- Comments.- References.- 7 Food Intake: Gastric Factors.- and Historical Overview.- The Upper Gastrointestinal Tract and Satiety.- The Stomach or Duodenum?.- The Nature of the Satiety Signal.- Oropharyngeal Factors.- Learning and Gastric Signals.- Satiety Signal Pathways.- Conclusion.- References.- 8 Systemic Factors in the Control of Food Intake: Evidence for Patterns as Signals.- Molecules, Stores, and Patterns: What Is the Fo

Product details

• Assisted by: Edward M. Stricker (Editor)
• Publisher: Springer, Berlin
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 01.01.1990
• EAN: 9780306434587
• ISBN: 978-0-306-43458-7
• No. of pages: 553
• Weight: 1440 g
• Illustrations: 50 SW-Abb.
• Series: Handbooks of Behavioral Neurobiology; Handbooks of Behavioral Neurobiology
• Subject: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Medicine > Non-clinical medicine