Efficiency of Biomass Energy - An Exergy Approach to Biofuels, Power, and Biorefineries

Informationen zum Autor Krzysztof J. Ptasinski , Ph.D., D.Sc., has over 40 years of experience in academic teaching and research in chemical engineering and energy technology. He has held appointments at the Eindhoven University of Technology and the University of Twente (the Netherlands) as well as the Warsaw University of Technology and as visiting professor at the Silesian University of Technology (Poland). His pioneering research on application of exergy analysis to biomass and bioenergy is internationally acclaimed. He is the author and co-author of more than 200 publications, including 19 book chapters and 75 research papers. Currently he serves as an Executive Editor Biomass and Bioenergy - Energy, The International Journal . Klappentext Details energy and exergy efficiencies of all major aspects of bioenergy systems Covers all major bioenergy processes starting from photosynthesis and cultivation of biomass feedstocks and ending with final bioenergy products, like power, biofuels, and chemicals Each chapter includes historical developments, chemistry, major technologies, applications as well as energy, environmental and economic aspects in order to serve as an introduction to biomass and bioenergy A separate chapter introduces a beginner in easy accessible way to exergy analysis and the similarities and differences between energy and exergy efficiencies are underlined Includes case studies and illustrative examples of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generation biofuels production, power and heat generation (thermal plants, fuel cells, boilers), and biorefineries Traditional fossil fuels-based technologies are also described in order to compare with the corresponding bioenergy systems  Zusammenfassung Details energy and exergy efficiencies of all major aspects of bioenergy systems* Covers all major bioenergy processes starting from photosynthesis and cultivation of biomass feedstocks and ending with final bioenergy products! like power! biofuels! and chemicals* Each chapter includes historical developments! chemistry! major technologies! applications as well as energy! environmental and economic aspects in order to serve as an introduction to biomass and bioenergy* A separate chapter introduces a beginner in easy accessible way to exergy analysis and the similarities and differences between energy and exergy efficiencies are underlined* Includes case studies and illustrative examples of 1st! 2nd! and 3rd generation biofuels production! power and heat generation (thermal plants! fuel cells! boilers)! and biorefineries* Traditional fossil fuels-based technologies are also described in order to compare with the corresponding bioenergy systems Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xv Acknowledgments xix About the Author xxi PART I | Background and Outline Chapter 1 | Bioenergy Systems: An Overview 3 1.1 Energy and the Environment 3 1.2 Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source 13 1.3 Biomass Conversion Processes 22 1.4 Utilization of Biomass 27 1.5 Closing Remarks 34 References 34 Chapter 2 | Exergy Analysis 37 2.1 Sustainability and Efficiency 37 2.2 Thermodynamic Analysis of Processes 42 2.3 Exergy Concept 52 2.4 Exergetic Evaluation of Processes and Technologies 67 2.5 Renewability of Biofuels 81 2.6 Closing Remarks 86 References 86 PART II | Biomass Production and Conversion Chapter 3 | Photosynthesis 93 3.1 Photosynthesis: An Overview 93 3.2 Exergy of Thermal Radiation 99 3.3 Exergy Analysis of Photosynthesis 106 3.4 Global Photosynthesis 116 3.5 Closing Remarks 120 References 120 Chapter 4 | Biomass Production 123 4.1 Overview 123 4.2 Efficiency of Solar Energy Capture 133 4.3 Fossil Inputs for Biomass Cultivation and Harv...

List of contents

Preface xv
 
Acknowledgments xix
 
About the Author xxi
 
PART I | Background and Outline
 
Chapter 1 | Bioenergy Systems: An Overview 3
 
1.1 Energy and the Environment 3
 
1.2 Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source 13
 
1.3 Biomass Conversion Processes 22
 
1.4 Utilization of Biomass 27
 
1.5 Closing Remarks 34
 
References 34
 
Chapter 2 | Exergy Analysis 37
 
2.1 Sustainability and Efficiency 37
 
2.2 Thermodynamic Analysis of Processes 42
 
2.3 Exergy Concept 52
 
2.4 Exergetic Evaluation of Processes and Technologies 67
 
2.5 Renewability of Biofuels 81
 
2.6 Closing Remarks 86
 
References 86
 
PART II | Biomass Production and Conversion
 
Chapter 3 | Photosynthesis 93
 
3.1 Photosynthesis: An Overview 93
 
3.2 Exergy of Thermal Radiation 99
 
3.3 Exergy Analysis of Photosynthesis 106
 
3.4 Global Photosynthesis 116
 
3.5 Closing Remarks 120
 
References 120
 
Chapter 4 | Biomass Production 123
 
4.1 Overview 123
 
4.2 Efficiency of Solar Energy Capture 133
 
4.3 Fossil Inputs for Biomass Cultivation and Harvesting 140
 
4.4 Fossil Inputs for Biomass Logistics 146
 
4.5 Closing Remarks 150
 
References 150
 
Chapter 5 | Thermochemical Conversion: Gasification 153
 
5.1 Gasification: An Overview 153
 
5.2 Gasification of Carbon 171
 
5.3 Gasification of Biomass 183
 
5.4 Gasification of Typical Fuels 191
 
5.5 Closing Remarks 198
 
References 198
 
Chapter 6 | Gasification: Parametric Studies and Gasification Systems 203
 
6.1 Effect of Fuel Chemical Composition on Gasification Performance 203
 
6.2 Effect of Biomass Moisture Content, Gasification Pressure, and Heat Addition on Gasification Performance 211
 
6.3 Improvement of Gasification Exergetic Efficiency 215
 
6.4 Gasification Efficiency Using Equilibrium versus Nonequilibrium Models 230
 
6.4.1 Quasi-Equilibrium Thermodynamic Models 231
 
6.4.2 Comparison of Gasification Efficiency 231
 
6.5 Performance of Typical Gasifiers 233
 
6.5.1 Comparison of FICFB and Viking Gasifiers 233
 
6.5.2 Fluidized-Bed Gasifiers for the Production of H2-Rich Syngas 238
 
6.5.3 Downdraft Fixed-Bed Gasifier 241
 
6.5.4 Updraft Fixed-Bed Gasifier 242
 
6.6 Plasma Gasification 244
 
6.6.1 Plasma Gasification Technology 244
 
6.6.2 Plasma Gasification of Sewage Sludge 244
 
6.7 Thermochemical Conversion in Sub- and Supercritical Water 246
 
6.7.1 Conversion of Wet Biomass in Hot Compressed Water 246
 
6.7.2 Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) 247
 
6.7.3 Hydrothermal Upgrading (HTU) under Subcritical Water Conditions 251
 
6.8 Closing Remarks 253
 
References 253
 
PART III | Biofuels First-Generation Biofuels
 
Chapter 7 | Biodiesel 261
 
7.1 Biodiesel: An Overview 261
 
7.1.1 Introduction 261
 
7.1.2 Historical Development 262
 
7.1.3 Chemistry 263
 
7.1.4 Feedstocks 265
 
7.1.5 Production Process 266
 
7.1.6 Biodiesel as Transport Fuel 268
 
7.1.7 Energy, Environmental, and Economic Performance 269
 
7.2 Biodiesel from Plant Oils 272
 
7.2.1 Exergy Analysis of Transesterification 272
 
7.2.2 Exergy Analysis of Overall Production Chain 275
 
7.3 Biodiesel from Used Cooking Oil 278
 
7.3.1 Exergy Analysis of Biodiesel Production 278
 
7.3.2 Exergy Analy

Product details

• Authors: K Ptasinski, Krzysztof J Ptasinski, Krzysztof J. Ptasinski, Ptasinski Krzysztof J.
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 31.08.2015
• EAN: 9781118702109
• ISBN: 978-1-118-70210-9
• No. of pages: 784
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry; Chemie, Energie, Umweltchemie, Energieeffizienz, Biokraftstoff, ENERGY, biomasse, chemistry, Chemical Engineering, chemische Verfahrenstechnik, Environmental Chemistry, Energy Efficiency, Allg. Chemische Verfahrenstechnik