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In all legal systems of the European Union the law of contract and the law of tort form the main pillars of the law of obligations. Legal history and comparative law show, however, that it is not possible to cope with these two bodies of rules alone - even if their scope of application is generously conceived. Another part of the law of obligations, alongside the law of unjustified enrichment, which to some extent lies "between" contract and tort and fills the gaps that those areas of the law leave behind, is subject of this Book. The Study Group on a European Civil Code has drafted Principles relating to the unsolicited and voluntary undertaking of another's affairs on the basis of a reasonable ground for intervention: "Principles of European Law: Benevolent Intervention in Another's Affairs".
In continental European legal systems the law on voluntary management of another's affairs developed from the Roman law concept of negotiorum gestio. While distinguishable in its contemporary form from its historical origin, its Latin nomenclature remains current for many lawyers in continental Europe and Scotland. Consistent with that, the Latin term features throughout both as an umbrella term for the current national laws and as a collective label for the European Principles set out and explained in the text.
The Common Law does not recognise an independent relationship of legal obligations derived from a (beneficial) voluntary and benevolent intervention in another's affairs. English and Irish law has only functional equivalents scattered across diverse legal constructs. As a result, the English legal language does not yet possess a native term for the legal obligation arising by operation of law out of the management of another's affairs. The Study Group has opted for "Benevolent Intervention in Another's Affairs" as a suitable description. No practical consequences result from that, save that in the English version of the articles the person acting is called an "intervener", rather than the gestor.
List of contents
Text of Articles Principles of European Lawon Benevolent Intervention in Another's Affairs
Introduction
Chapter 1: Scope of Application
Article 1:101: Intervention to Benefit Another
Article 1:102: Intervention to Perform Another s Duty
Article 1:103: Exclusions
Chapter 2: Duties of Intervener
Article 2:101: Duties during Intervention
Article 2:102: Duties after Intervention
Article 2:103: Reparation for Damage Caused by Breach of Duty
Chapter 3: Rights and Authority of Intervener
Article 3:101: Right to Indemnification or Reimbursement
Article 3:102: Right to Remuneration
Article 3:103: Right to Reparation
Article 3:104: Reduction or Exclusion of Intervener's Rights
Article 3:105: Obligation of Third Party to Indemnify or Reimburse the Principal
Article 3:106: Authority of Intervener to Act in the Name of the Principal
Annexes
About the author
Christian von Bar gehört der Kommission für Europäisches Vertragsrecht seit 1992 an. Er ist Professor für Bürgerliches Recht, Handels- und Wirtschaftsrecht, Internationales Privatrecht und Rechtsvergleichung an der Universität Osnabrück und Direktor des dortigen Instituts für Internationales Privatrecht und Rechtsvergleichung. Christian von Bar ist Chairman der Study Group on a European Civil Code, Leibniz-Preisträger der DFG, Honorary Bencher of Gray's Inn (London) und korrespondierendes Mitglied der British Academy.
