Seismoelectric Method - Theory and Applications

The seismoelectric method consists of measuring electromagnetic signals associated with the propagation of seismic waves or seismic sources in porous media. This method is useful in an increasing number of applications, for example to characterize aquifers, contaminant plumes or the vadose zone. This book provides the first full overview of the fundamental concepts of this method. It begins with a historical perspective, provides a full explanation of the fundamental mechanisms, laboratory investigations, and the formulation of the forward and inverse problems. It provides a recent extension of the theory to two-phase flow conditions, and a new approach called seismoelectric beamforming. It concludes with a chapter presenting a perspective on the method.
 
This book is a key reference for academic researchers in geophysics, environmental geosciences, geohydrology, environmental engineering and geotechnical engineering. It will also be valuable reading for graduate courses dealing with seismic wave propagation and related electromagnetic effects.

List of contents

Foreword by Bernd Kulessa xi
 
Foreword by Niels Grobbe xii
 
Preface xiv
 
1 Introduction to the basic concepts 1
 
1.1 The electrical double layer 1
 
1.1.1 The case of silica 2
 
1.1.1.1 A simplified approach 2
 
1.1.1.2 The general case 8
 
1.1.2 The case of clays 10
 
1.1.3 Implications 14
 
1.2 The streaming current density 15
 
1.3 The complex conductivity 17
 
1.3.1 Effective conductivity 18
 
1.3.2 Saturated clayey media 19
 
1.4 Principles of the seismoelectric method 22
 
1.4.1 Main ideas 22
 
1.4.2 Simple modeling with the acoustic approximation 25
 
1.4.2.1 The acoustic approximation in a fluid 25
 
1.4.2.2 Extension to porous media 26
 
1.4.3 Numerical example of the coseismic and seismoelectric conversions 27
 
1.5 Elements of poroelasticity 28
 
1.5.1 The effective stress law 28
 
1.5.2 Hooke's law in poroelastic media 31
 
1.5.3 Drained versus undrained regimes 31
 
1.5.4 Wave modes in the pure undrained regime 33
 
1.6 Short history 34
 
1.7 Conclusions 36
 
2 Seismoelectric theory in saturated porous media 42
 
2.1 Poroelastic medium filled with a viscoelastic fluid 42
 
2.1.1 Properties of the two phases 42
 
2.1.2 Properties of the porous material 45
 
2.1.3 The mechanical equations 49
 
2.1.3.1 Strain-stress relationships 49
 
2.1.3.2 The field equations 51
 
2.1.3.3 Note regarding the material properties 52
 
2.1.3.4 Force balance equations 53
 
2.1.4 The Maxwell equations 53
 
2.1.5 Analysis of the wave modes 54
 
2.1.6 Synthetic case studies 56
 
2.1.7 Conclusions 59
 
2.2 Poroelastic medium filled with a Newtonian fluid 59
 
2.2.1 Classical Biot theory 59
 
2.2.2 The u-p formulation 60
 
2.2.3 Description of the electrokinetic coupling 61
 
2.3 Experimental approach and data 62
 
2.3.1 Measuring key properties 62
 
2.3.1.1 Measuring the cation exchange capacity and the specific surface area 62
 
2.3.1.2 Measuring the complex conductivity 63
 
2.3.1.3 Measuring the streaming potential coupling coefficient 63
 
2.3.2 Streaming potential dependence on salinity 63
 
2.3.3 Streaming potential dependence on pH 66
 
2.3.4 Influence of the inertial effect 66
 
2.4 Conclusions 69
 
3 Seismoelectric theory in partially saturated conditions 73
 
3.1 Extension to the unsaturated case 73
 
3.1.1 Generalized constitutive equations 73
 
3.1.2 Description of the hydromechanical model 77
 
3.1.3 Maxwell equations in unsaturated conditions 81
 
3.2 Extension to two-phase flow 81
 
3.2.1 Generalization of the Biot theory in two-phase flow conditions 81
 
3.2.2 The u-p formulation for two-phase flow problems 83
 
3.2.3 Seismoelectric conversion in two-phase flow 85
 
3.2.4 The effect of water content on the coseismic waves 86
 
3.2.5 Seismoelectric conversion 90
 
3.3 Extension of the acoustic approximation 91
 
3.4 Complex conductivity in partially saturated conditions 92
 
3.5 Comparison with experimental data 93
 
3.5.1 The effect of saturation 93
 
3.5.2 Additional scaling relationships 93
 
3.5.3 Relative coupling coefficient with the Brooks and Corey model 95
 
3.5.4 Relative coupling coefficient with the Van Genuchten model 96
 
3.6 Conclusions 97
 
4 Forward and inverse modeling 101
 
4.1 Finite-element implementation 101

About the author

André Revil is Associate Professor at the Colorado School of Mines and Directeur de Recherche at the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) in France. His research focuses on the development of new methods in petrophysics, and the development of electrical and electromagnetic geophysical methods applied to geothermal systems, water resources, and oil and gas reservoirs.

Abderrahim Jardani is Associate Professor at the University of Rouen, where he also obtained his PhD in Geophysics 2007. His research interests centre on environmental geophysics, mathematical modeling of hydrologic systems and inverse problems.

Paul Sava is an Associate Professor of Geophysics at Colorado School of Mines. He specializes in imaging and tomography using seismic and electromagnetic wavefields, stochastic imaging and inversion, computational methods for wave propagation, numeric optimization and high performance computing.

Allan Haas is currently working at hydroGEOPHYSICS, Inc. as a Senior Engineering Geophysicist.  He graduated with a PhD in Geophysics at the Colorado School of Mines, on December 13, 2013.  During his PhD research, Allan investigated the measurable electrical signals associated with leakages in wells, hydraulic fracturing, and subsurface fracture flow. 

Summary

The seismoelectric method consists of measuring electromagnetic signals associated with the propagation of seismic waves or seismic sources in porous media. This method is useful in an increasing number of applications, for example to characterize aquifers, contaminant plumes or the vadose zone.

Product details

• Authors: Allan Haas, Haas Allan, Abderrahi Jardani, Abderrahim Jardani, Jardani Abderrahim, Revil, A Revil, Andr Revil, Andre Revil, André Revil, Andre Jardani Revil, Paul Sava, Paul et al Sava
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 29.05.2015
• EAN: 9781118660263
• ISBN: 978-1-118-66026-3
• No. of pages: 264
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Geosciences > Geology; Geophysik, Geowissenschaften, Geophysics, Earth Sciences, Economic & Applied Geology, Angewandte u. ökonomische Geologie