Read more
Informationen zum Autor Robert Shepherd is Professor of Medical Bionics and Director of the Bionics Institute in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of Melbourne. Klappentext Technological advances have greatly increased the potential for, and practicability of, using medical neurotechnologies to revolutionize how a wide array of neurological and nervous system diseases and dysfunctions are treated. These technologies have the potential to help reduce the impact of symptoms in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's Disease and depression as well as help regain lost function caused by spinal cord damage or nerve damage. Medical Neurobionics is a concise overview of the biological underpinnings of neurotechnologies, the development process for these technologies, and the practical application of these advances in clinical settings.Medical Neurobionics is divided into three sections. The first section focuses specifically on providing a sound foundational understanding of the biological mechanisms that support the development of neurotechnologies. The second section looks at the efforts being carried out to develop new and exciting bioengineering advances. The book then closes with chapters that discuss practical clinical application and explore the ethical questions that surround neurobionics.A timely work that provides readers with a useful introduction to the field, Medical Neurobionics will be an essential book for neuroscientists, neuroengineers, biomedical researchers, and industry personnel. Zusammenfassung Technological advances have greatly increased the potential for, and practicability of, using medical neurotechnologies to revolutionize how a wide array of neurological and nervous system diseases and dysfunctions are treated. Inhaltsverzeichnis LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xv PREFACE xvii PART I FUNDAMENTALS OF NEURAL PROSTHESES 1 1 The Historical Foundations of Bionics 3 N. Donaldson and G.S. Brindley 1.1 Bionics Past and Future 3 1.2 History in 1973 5 1.2.1 Biomaterials 5 1.2.2 Nerve stimulation and recording 6 1.2.3 Transistors 8 1.2.4 Conclusion 9 1.3 Anaesthesia 9 1.4 Aseptic Surgery 10 1.5 Clinical Observation and Experiments 10 1.6 Hermetic Packages 13 1.6.1 Vacuum methods 14 1.6.2 Welding 15 1.6.3 Glass 15 1.6.4 Glass ceramics and solder glasses 16 1.6.5 Ceramics 18 1.6.6 Microcircuit technologies 19 1.6.7 Leak testing 20 1.7 Encapsulation (Electrical Insulation) 20 1.7.1 Insulation 20 1.7.2 Underwater insulation 21 1.7.3 Silicones 21 1.7.4 Primers 24 1.8 Early Implanted Devices 27 1.9 Afterword 29 References 35 2 Development of Stable Long-term Electrode Tissue Interfaces for Recording and Stimulation 38 J. Schouenborg 2.1 Introduction 38 2.2 Tissue Responses in the Brain to an Implanted Foreign Body 39 2.2.1 Acute tissue responses 39 2.2.2 Chronic tissue responses 40 2.2.3 On the importance of physiological conditions 40 2.3 Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) - State-of-the-Art 41 2.4 Biocompatibility of BCI - on the Importance of Mechanical Compliance 42 2.5 Novel Electrode Constructs and Implantation Procedures 45 2.5.1 Methods to implant ultraflexible electrodes 45 2.5.2 Surface configurations 46 2.5.3 Matrix embedded electrodes 47 2.5.4 Electrode arrays encorporating drugs 49 2.6 Concluding Remarks 50 Acknowledgements 51 References 51 3 Electrochemical Principles of Safe Charge Injection 55 S.F. Cogan, D.J. Garrett, and R.A. Green 3.1 Introduction 55 3.2 Charge Injection Requirements 56 3.2.1 Stimulation levels for functional responses 56 3.2.2 ...
