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Male sterility is the failure of the male gametes to be produced viable i.e there is no formation of the viable pollen grains which carry the male gametes in plants. The pollen grain is non-functional but the female gametes function normally. It occurs in nature sporadically, perhaps due to mutation. Male sterility is also due to environmental factors. Male sterility in crop plants is classified in the following types (1) Genetic Male Sterility (GMS) (2) Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CGMS). (3) Temperature-Sensitive Genetic Male Sterility (TGMS). (4) Chemically-Induced Male Sterility (CIMS). (5) Photoperiod-Sensitive Genetic Male Sterility (PGMS). (6) Transgenic Genetic Male Seterility (Tr.GMS). Wheat improvement by genetic engineering requires the delivery, integration and expression of defined foreign genes into suitable regenerable explants. Initial attempts at introducing transgenes into wheat employed protoplasts as explants due to the absence of cell walls. Initial steps for genetic transformation involves delivery of a gene cassette into recipient cells followed by analysis of the expression of delivered gene.
About the author
Qurban Ali: Hice un máster (con honores) en PBG con el título de investigación "Estimación de la variabilidad genética y la asociación de caracteres en los genotipos de garbanzo (Cicer arietinum L.)". Ahora, en el doctorado, con el título de investigación "Evaluación genética de las adhesiones de maíz (Zea mays L.) para el rendimiento de granos y forraje", tengo 20 publicaciones de investigación en diferentes revistas internacionales.
