Neuroinflammation - New Insights Into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions

Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases.
 
Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health.
 
Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders.
 
Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.
 

neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders. Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in

List of contents

List of Contributors xi
 
Preface xvii
 
PART I Introduction 1
 
1 Immune Response in the Human Central Nervous System in Multiple Sclerosis and Stroke 3
Hans Lassmann
 
Introduction 3
 
The Concept of Neuroinflammation 3
 
Basic Principles of Immune Surveillance and Inflammation by Adaptive Immune Responses 4
 
Inflammation in the Central Nervous System of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis 7
 
Inflammation in Stroke Lesions 11
 
Microglia Activation and Macrophage Response 12
 
Granulocyte Infiltration 12
 
Conclusions 15
 
References 15
 
2 In Vivo Imaging of Glial and Immune Cell Responses in Central Nervous System Injury and Disease 21
Alexandre Paré and Steve Lacroix
 
Introduction 21
 
Intravital Microscopy in the CNS and Its Challenges 22
 
In Vivo Imaging of the CNS Following Sterile Injury 24
 
In Vivo Imaging of the CNS in Disorders with an Inflammatory Component 27
 
Conclusion 32
 
Acknowledgments 33
 
References 33
 
PART II Detrimental Aspects of Inflammation 39
 
3 Roles of CD4 and CD8 T Lymphocytes in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis 41
Nathalie Arbour and Alexandre Prat
 
Introduction 41
 
T Lymphocytes: Central Immune Cells 42
 
Autoreactive T Lymphocytes 42
 
From Peripheral Activation to CNS Extravasation 45
 
Role of CD4 T Lymphocytes in MS and EAE: Th1 versus Th17 46
 
Role of CD8 T Lymphocytes in MS and EAE 47
 
Regulatory T Lymphocytes in MS and EAE 48
 
Conclusions 49
 
Acknowledgements 49
 
References 49
 
4 Microglia and Macrophage Responses and Their Role after Spinal Cord Injury 53
Antje Kroner, Andrew D. Greenhalgh, and Samuel David
 
Introduction 53
 
Microglial Responses to Injury 54
 
Interactions between Microglia and Other Cell Types in Signaling Responses to Injury 57
 
Entry of Peripheral Macrophages and Differences with Microglia 59
 
Diverse Roles of Macrophages/Microglia in CNS Injury and Disease 60
 
Macrophage Polarization in SCI 61
 
Concluding Remarks 66
 
Acknowledgements 66
 
References 66
 
5 The Complexity of the Innate Immune System Activation in Stroke Pathogenesis 71
María Isabel Cuartero, Ignacio Lizasoain, María Ángeles Moro, and Ivan Ballesteros
 
Activation of the Brain Innate Immunity After Stroke 71
 
Myeloid Heterogeneity in Brain Ischemia 76
 
Concluding Remarks 81
 
References 81
 
6 Neuroinflammation in Aging 87
Ashley M. Fenn, Diana M. Norden, and Jonathan P. Godbout Increased CNS Inflammation in Response to Immune Challenge is Adaptive and Beneficial 87
 
The CNS Microenvironment Shifts to a Proinflammatory State with Aging 88
 
Microglial Priming 88
 
Microglial Regulation 90
 
Immune Reactivity of Glia Contributes to Cognitive and Behavioral Deficits 97
 
Conclusions 100
 
References 100
 
7 Peripheral and Central Immune Mechanisms in Neuropathic Pain 107
Ji Zhang
 
Introduction 107
 
Inflammation in Neuropathic Pain 108
 
Contribution of Peripheral Immune Cells to the Pathogenesis of Neuropathic Pain 109
 
Critical Roles of Spinal Glial Activation in Neuropathic Pain 111
 
Significance of Neural Barriers in Inflammatory Response along Pain Transmission Pathway 114
 
Imbalance of Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Responses in Neuropathic Pain 115
 
Challenges in Translating Anti-inflammatory Therapeutic Strategies for the Relief of Neuropathic Pain 1

About the author

Samuel David is a Professor at the Centre for Research in Neuroscience at The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Summary

Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases.

Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health.

Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders.

Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.

neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders. Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders. Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders. Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders. Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders. Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.Neuroinflammation has long been studied for its connection to the development and progression of Multiple Sclerosis. In recent years, the field has expanded to look at the role of inflammatory processes in a wide range of neurological conditions and cognitive disorders including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and autism. Researchers have also started to note the beneficial impacts of neuroinflammation in certain diseases. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions provides a comprehensive view of both the detriments and benefits of neuroinflammation in human health. Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions opens with two chapters that look at some fundamental aspects of neuroinflammation in humans and rodents. The remainder of the book is divided into two sections which examine both the detrimental and beneficial aspects of inflammation on the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, on various disease states, and in normal aging. These sections provide a broad picture of the role neuroinflammation plays in the physiology and pathology of various neurological disorders. Providing cross-disciplinary coverage, Neuroinflammation: New Insights into Beneficial and Detrimental Functions will be an essential volume for neuroimmunologists, neurobiologists, neurologists, and others interested in the field.

Product details

• Authors: S David, Sam David, Samuel David, Samuel (Mcgill University Health Centre David, David Samuel
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 05.05.2015
• EAN: 9781118732823
• ISBN: 978-1-118-73282-3
• No. of pages: 304
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Biology > Miscellaneous; Neurologie, Medizin, Neurophysiologie, Immunologie, Immunology, Life Sciences, Neurology, Biowissenschaften, Neurophysiology, Medical Science