Brewing Microbiology

Much has happened in the brewing industry since the last edition of this book was published in 1996. In particular, there has been substantial con solidation of larger brewing companies as major multinational concerns, and at the other end of the spectrum the microbrewing scene in various parts of the world has become established as a sustainable enterprise. For those involved in the scientific and technical aspects of fermented bever age production the changes have been no less daunting. The complete genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined and studies are underway in numerous laboratories throughout the world to unravel the expression of the genome (transcriptomics and proteomics) and understand exactly "how a yeast works. " This will undoubtedly con tribute to our understanding of yeast fermentation and flavor generation in a revolutionary way because it will enable the simultaneous monitor ing of all genes in the organism during the fermentation. In Chapters 2 and 3 of this volume Colin Slaughter and John Hammond bring the reader up-to-date in this rapidly moving area and cover the remarkable achievements of modern biochemistry and molecular biology. lain Campbell has also revised the systematics of culture and wild yeasts in Chapter 7. The other major technical change since the last edition of this book is the introduction of molecular characterization and detection of microor ganisms based largely, but not exclusively, on the polymerase chain reac tion (PCR) for amplification of specific DNA fragments.

List of contents

1 Microbiological aspects of brewing.- Malting.- Brewing, mashing, and hop boiling.- Fermentation.- Postfermentation treatments.- Concluding remarks.- References.- 2 The biochemistry and physiology of yeast growth.- The cell cycle.- The growth and fermentation cycle.- Cell composition, nutrition, and general metabolism.- Energy and intermediary metabolism.- Yeast biochemistry and beer production.- Summary.- References.- 3 Yeast genetics.- Genetic features of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- The need for new brewing yeasts.- Genetic techniques.- Application of recombinant DNA methods to brewing yeasts.- Molecular biological approaches to yeast differentiation.- The nature of the brewing yeast genome.- The commercial use of genetically modified brewing yeasts.- Conclusions.- Acknowledgment.- References.- 4 The microbiota of barley and malt.- The microbiota of barley.- The microbiota of malt.- Effects of microorganisms on malting.- Effects of the microbiota on beer and distilled spirit.- Health hazards.- Assessment of mold contamination.- References.- 5 Gram-positive brewery bacteria.- Lactic acid bacteria.- Lactobacillus.- Pediococcus.- Leuconostoc.- Homofermentative cocci.- Kocuria, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus.- Endospore-forming bacteria.- Identification of genera of Gram-positive bacteria of brewery origin.- Concluding remarks.- References.- 6 Gram-negative brewery bacteria.- Acetic acidbacteria.- Enterobacteriaceae.- Zymomonas.- Anaerobic Gram-negative rods.- Megasphaera.- Miscellaneous non-fermentative bacteria.- Detection, enumeration, and isolation.- Conclusions.- References.- 7 Wild yeasts in brewing and distilling.- Systematics of yeasts.- Properties for identification of yeasts.- Detection of wild yeasts.- Identification of wild yeasts.- Effects of wild yeasts in the brewery.- Elimination of wild yeasts.- References.- 8 Rapid detection and identification of microbial spoilage.- Impedimetric techniques (conductance, capacitance).- Microcalorimetry.- Turbidometry.- How cytometry.- ATP bioluminescence.- Microcolony method.- Direct epiflourescence filter technique (DEFT).- Chemscan.- Protein fingerprinting by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.- Karyotyping (chromosome fingerprinting).- Immunoanalysis.- Hybridization using DNA probes.- Polymerase chain reaction.- Random amplified polymorphic DNA PCR.- Summary.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 9 Rapid identification of microorganisms.- What is identification?.- Approaches to identification.- Nucleic acid-based identification.- Techniques for examining proteins.- Methods that examine aspects of cell composition.- Techniques for studying morphology and behavior.- Concluding remarks.- Acknowledgments.- References.- 10 Microbiology and sanitation in U.S. microbrewies.- The raw materials.- The process and product.- Beer contact surfaces.- Concluding remarks.- References.- 11 Cleaning and disinfection in the brewing industry.- Definitions.- Standards required in a brewery.- Cleaning methods available.- Soil composition.- Process of detergency.- Chemistry of detergents.- Caustic and alkaline detergents.- Sequestrants.- Acids.- Surface-active agents.- Disinfectants and sanitizers used in breweries.- Oxidizing disinfectants.- Nonoxidizing disinfectants.- Water treatment.- Steam.- Summary.- References.- 12 Microbiological methods in brewing analysis.- Microbiological analysis of raw materials.- Yeast.- Wort and fermentation.- Sterility of plant.- Beer.- Conclusions.- References.

About the author

IAIN CAMPBELL is a principal in sandon associates, an IT consultancy and training company fluent in both Unix/Linux and Microsoft systems. The company is currently teaching AIX system administration, security and performance management, Linux system administration, Linux/Windows integration, and Linux e-commerce for IBM. Before joining sandon, Campbell worked as a staff engineer at the Center for Advanced Technology Education at Ryerson Polytechnic University in Toronto.

Summary

Much has happened in the brewing industry since the last edition of this book was published in 1996. In particular, there has been substantial con­ solidation of larger brewing companies as major multinational concerns, and at the other end of the spectrum the microbrewing scene in various parts of the world has become established as a sustainable enterprise. For those involved in the scientific and technical aspects of fermented bever­ age production the changes have been no less daunting. The complete genome sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been determined and studies are underway in numerous laboratories throughout the world to unravel the expression of the genome (transcriptomics and proteomics) and understand exactly "how a yeast works. " This will undoubtedly con­ tribute to our understanding of yeast fermentation and flavor generation in a revolutionary way because it will enable the simultaneous monitor­ ing of all genes in the organism during the fermentation. In Chapters 2 and 3 of this volume Colin Slaughter and John Hammond bring the reader up-to-date in this rapidly moving area and cover the remarkable achievements of modern biochemistry and molecular biology. lain Campbell has also revised the systematics of culture and wild yeasts in Chapter 7. The other major technical change since the last edition of this book is the introduction of molecular characterization and detection of microor­ ganisms based largely, but not exclusively, on the polymerase chain reac­ tion (PCR) for amplification of specific DNA fragments.

Product details

• Assisted by: Campbell (Editor), Campbell (Editor), Iain Campbell (Editor), G Priest (Editor), F G Priest (Editor), F. G. Priest (Editor), F.G. Priest (Editor), Fergus Priest (Editor)
• Publisher: Springer, Berlin
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 01.01.2012
• EAN: 9781461348580
• ISBN: 978-1-4613-4858-0
• No. of pages: 399
• Dimensions: 155 mm x 22 mm x 235 mm
• Weight: 628 g
• Illustrations: XII, 399 p. 9 illus.
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Biology; B, Microbiology (non-medical), microbiology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Food Science, Food—Biotechnology