Green Stormwater Infrastructure Fundamentals and Design

Green Stormwater Infrastructure Fundamentals and Design
 
Discover novel stormwater control measures to make for a greener tomorrow!
 
The protection of our aquatic resources is growing in importance as the effects of climate change and continued urbanization are felt throughout the world. While most rain that falls onto vegetated spaces infiltrates the soil, rain that falls onto impervious surfaces will not, increasing downstream flooding and erosion and causing impaired water quality. Impervious surfaces such as road infrastructure, rooftops, and parking areas all increase runoff and mobilize many pollutants that have deposited on these surfaces that are then carried into our waterways. Proper management of this stormwater through green infrastructure is essential to address these challenges and reduce the environmental and ecological impacts brought about by this runoff.
 
This book brings into focus resilient stormwater control measures (SCMs) for the reduction of stormwater flows and associated pollutants that can detrimentally impact our local environmental and ecological systems. These interventions are green infrastructure based, utilizing natural hydrologic and environmental features using soil and vegetation to manage stormwater. These technologies include water harvesting, bioretention and bioinfiltration, vegetated swales and filter strips, permeable pavements, sand filters, green roofs, and stormwater wetlands, among others. The basic science and engineering of these technologies is discussed, including performance information and best maintenance practices.
 
Green Stormwater Infrastructure readers will also find:
* Research-informed resilient SCM design fundamentals
* Diagrams developed by the authors to enhance understanding
* Case studies to illustrate the points elucidated in the book
* End-of-chapter problems with a separate solutions manual
 
Green Stormwater Infrastructure is an ideal resource for environmental, civil, and biological engineers and environmental scientists in the consulting field. Landscape architects, managers and engineers of watershed districts, and members of federal, state, and local governmental agencies--especially those in the departments of environmental protection and transportation--will find many uses for this guidebook. It will also be of interest to professors, upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in environmental, civil, and biological engineering programs.

List of contents

Preface xix
 
About the Authors xxi
 
Acknowledgements xxiii
 
About the Companion Website xxv
 
1 Introduction to Urban Stormwater and Green Stormwater Infrastructure 1
 
1.1 Population and Urban Infrastructure 1
 
1.2 Impacts of Urbanization 2
 
1.3 The US Regulatory Environment 7
 
1.4 Urban Stormwater Management 12
 
1.4.1 Flood Control 12
 
1.4.2 Peak Flow Control 13
 
1.4.3 Watershed Approach to Peak Flow 14
 
1.4.4 Water-Quality Control 14
 
1.5 Climate Change and Stationarity 15
 
1.6 Green Stormwater Infrastructure 15
 
1.7 Stormwater Control Measures 17
 
1.8 Stormwater Infrastructure and Equity 17
 
References 18
 
Problems 19
 
2 Precipitation: The Stormwater Driver 21
 
2.1 Introduction 21
 
2.2 The Urban Hydrologic Cycle 21
 
2.3 Precipitation 23
 
2.4 Precipitation Depths 24
 
2.5 Rainfall Patterns 26
 
2.6 Inter-event Interval 27
 
2.7 Extreme Event Precipitation 27
 
2.8 Introducing the Rainfall-Runoff Relationship 29
 
2.9 Precipitation and Water Quality 30
 
2.10 Climate Change 31
 
References 31
 
Problems 31
 
3 Water Quality 33
 
3.1 Introduction 33
 
3.2 Designated Water Uses 33
 
3.3 Water-Quality Parameters and Measures 34
 
3.4 Temperature 34
 
3.5 pH 35
 
3.6 Dissolved Oxygen 35
 
3.7 Turbidity and Particulate Matter 37
 
3.8 Biodegradable Organic Matter or "Oxygen Demand" 40
 
3.9 Nitrogen 41
 
3.9.1 Nitrate 41
 
3.9.2 Nitrite 42
 
3.9.3 Ammonium 42
 
3.9.4 Organic Nitrogen 43
 
3.9.5 Nitrogen Measurements 43
 
3.10 Phosphorus 44
 
3.11 Heavy Metals 46
 
3.12 Hydrocarbons and Other Organic Pollutants 46
 
3.12.1 Hydrocarbons 46
 
3.12.2 Pesticides and Other Organic Chemicals 47
 
3.13 Pathogens 48
 
3.14 Dissolved Solids and Conductivity 49
 
3.15 Trash 50
 
References 50
 
Problems 50
 
4 Ecosystem Services 53
 
4.1 What Are Ecosystem Services? 53
 
4.2 Ecosystem Services and Stormwater Management 56
 
4.3 Stormwater Wetlands and Ecosystem Services 56
 
4.4 Regulation Services 56
 
4.4.1 Water Treatment 56
 
4.4.2 Hydrologic Regulation 56
 
4.4.3 Climate Regulation 57
 
4.4.4 Air Quality Regulation 57
 
4.5 Habitat Services 58
 
4.6 Production Services 59
 
4.7 Information Services 60
 
4.8 Designing SCMs for Ecosystem Services 61
 
References 61
 
Problems 63
 
5 Stormwater Quality 65
 
5.1 Introduction 65
 
5.2 Event Mean Concentrations 66
 
5.3 Urban Runoff Pollutant Concentrations 68
 
5.3.1 Particulate Matter and Particle Size Distributions 70
 
5.3.2 Nitrogen and Nitrogen Speciation 71
 
5.3.3 Phosphorus and Phosphorus Speciation 72
 
5.3.4 Heavy Metals Concentrations and Speciation 73
 
5.3.5 PAH and PCBs 74
 
5.4 Urban Stormwater Pollutant Sources 74
 
5.5 Pollutant Buildup and Wash Off 76
 
5.5.1 Pollutographs 76
 
5.5.2 First Flush 76
 
5.6 Annual Pollutant Loads 83
 
5.7 Sampling and Measurements 84
 
5.8 A Note about Stormwater Quality 84
 
References 84
 
Problems 87
 
6 Watershed Hydrology 89
 
6.1 Introduction 89
 
6.2 Precipitation 90
 
6.2.1 Design Storms 91
 
6.2.2 C

About the author

Allen P. Davis, PhD, PE, D. WRE, F. EWRI, F. ASCE, is the Charles A. Irish Sr. Chair in Civil Engineering and Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Affiliate Professor in Plant Science and Landscape Architure at the University of Maryland, College Park, MD.
William F. Hunt III, PhD, PE, D. WRE, M. ASCE is a William Neal Reynolds Distinguished University Professor and Extension Specialist in the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. He is the leader of the Stormwater Engineering Group at NC State. Robert G. Traver, PhD, PE, D. WRE, F. EWRI, F. ASCE, is a Professor in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Villanova University, Villanova, PA, and former Edward A. Daylor Chair in Civil Engineering. He is the Director of the Villanova Center for Resilient Water Systems, and the Villanova Urban Stormwater Partnership.

Summary

Green Stormwater Infrastructure Fundamentals and Design

Discover novel stormwater control measures to make for a greener tomorrow!

The protection of our aquatic resources is growing in importance as the effects of climate change and continued urbanization are felt throughout the world. While most rain that falls onto vegetated spaces infiltrates the soil, rain that falls onto impervious surfaces will not, increasing downstream flooding and erosion and causing impaired water quality. Impervious surfaces such as road infrastructure, rooftops, and parking areas all increase runoff and mobilize many pollutants that have deposited on these surfaces that are then carried into our waterways. Proper management of this stormwater through green infrastructure is essential to address these challenges and reduce the environmental and ecological impacts brought about by this runoff.

This book brings into focus resilient stormwater control measures (SCMs) for the reduction of stormwater flows and associated pollutants that can detrimentally impact our local environmental and ecological systems. These interventions are green infrastructure based, utilizing natural hydrologic and environmental features using soil and vegetation to manage stormwater. These technologies include water harvesting, bioretention and bioinfiltration, vegetated swales and filter strips, permeable pavements, sand filters, green roofs, and stormwater wetlands, among others. The basic science and engineering of these technologies is discussed, including performance information and best maintenance practices.

Green Stormwater Infrastructure readers will also find:
* Research-informed resilient SCM design fundamentals
* Diagrams developed by the authors to enhance understanding
* Case studies to illustrate the points elucidated in the book
* End-of-chapter problems with a separate solutions manual

Green Stormwater Infrastructure is an ideal resource for environmental, civil, and biological engineers and environmental scientists in the consulting field. Landscape architects, managers and engineers of watershed districts, and members of federal, state, and local governmental agencies--especially those in the departments of environmental protection and transportation--will find many uses for this guidebook. It will also be of interest to professors, upper-level undergraduates and graduate students in environmental, civil, and biological engineering programs.

Product details

• Authors: Allen P Davis, Allen P. Davis, Allen P. (University of Maryland Davis, Allen P. Hunt Davis, Ap Davis, R Davis, Davis Allen P., William F Hunt, William F. Hunt, Hunt William F., R. G. Traver, Robert G Traver, Robert G. Traver, Robert G. (Villanova University Traver, Robert G. Hunt Traver, Traver Robert G.
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 10.10.2022
• EAN: 9781118590195
• ISBN: 978-1-118-59019-5
• No. of pages: 512
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Chemistry > Organic chemistry; Chemie, Architektur, Hydrologie, Umweltchemie, Architecture, Stadtentwicklung, Regenwasser, chemistry, Urban Development, Niederschlag, Environmental Chemistry, Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen, Civil Engineering & Construction, Hydrologie im Bauwesen, Hydrology (Civil Engineering), Water Resource Management