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Klappentext Masters explores the history of Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire and how their identities evolved over four hundred years. While early communities lived within the hierarchy of Muslim law! the nineteenth century witnessed radical change. In response to Western influences! conflict erupted between Muslims and Christians across the empire. This marked the beginning of tensions that informed the rhetoric of religious fundamentalism in the empire's successor states throughout the twentieth century. Thus Masters negotiates the present through the past! contributing to our understanding of the contemporary Muslim world. Zusammenfassung Masters explores the evolution of Christian and Jewish communities in the Ottoman empire over four hundred years. Early communities lived with the hierarchy of Muslim law! but the nineteenth century marked the beginning of tensions between Muslims and Christians and the twentieth-century rhetoric of religious fundamentalism. Inhaltsverzeichnis Introduction: 1. The limits of tolerance: the social status of non-Muslims in the Ottoman Arab lands; 2. The Ottoman Arab world: a diversity of sects and peoples; 3. Merchants and missionaries in the seventeenth century: the West intrudes; 4. New opportunities and challenges in the 'long' eighteenth century; 5. Intercommunal dissonance in the nineteenth century; 6. After the 'events': the search for community in the twilight of empire; Conclusion.