Read more
Informationen zum Autor PHILLIP A. LAPLANTE, PhD, PE , is Professor of Software Engineering at Penn State, where he specializes in software and systems engineering, project management, and software testing and security. Dr. Laplante spent several years as a software engineer and project manager working on avionics, computer-aided design, and software test systems. He has authored or edited twenty-seven books and has published more than 200 scholarly articles. SEPPO J. OVASKA, DSc, is Professor of Industrial Electronics at Aalto University, Finland. He has served as a visiting scholar at Utah State University, Virginia Tech, and the University of Passau, Germany, and has published more than 100 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Prior to his academic career, Dr. Ovaska developed control systems for high-rise elevators; those contributions led to nine international patents. Klappentext The leading text in the field explains step by step how to write software that responds in real timeFrom power plants to medicine to avionics, the world increasingly depends on computer systems that can compute and respond to various excitations in real time. The Fourth Edition of Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis gives software designers the knowledge and the tools needed to create real-time software using a holistic, systems-based approach. The text covers computer architecture and organization, operating systems, software engineering, programming languages, and compiler theory, all from the perspective of real-time systems design.The Fourth Edition of this renowned text brings it thoroughly up to date with the latest technological advances and applications. This fully updated edition includes coverage of the following concepts:* Multidisciplinary design challenges* Time-triggered architectures* Architectural advancements* Automatic code generation* Peripheral interfacing* Life-cycle processesThe final chapter of the text offers an expert perspective on the future of real-time systems and their applications.The text is self-contained, enabling instructors and readers to focus on the material that is most important to their needs and interests. Suggestions for additional readings guide readers to more in-depth discussions on each individual topic. In addition, each chapter features exercises ranging from simple to challenging to help readers progressively build and fine-tune their ability to design their own real-time software programs.Now fully up to date with the latest technological advances and applications in the field, Real-Time Systems Design and Analysis remains the top choice for students and software engineers who want to design better and faster real-time systems at minimum cost. Zusammenfassung An important resource, this book offers an introduction and overview of real-time systems: systems where timeliness is a crucial part of the correctness of the system. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xv Acknowledgments xxi 1 Fundamentals of Real-Time Systems 1 1.1 Concepts and Misconceptions, 2 1.1.1 Definitions for Real-Time Systems, 2 1.1.2 Usual Misconceptions, 14 1.2 Multidisciplinary Design Challenges, 15 1.2.1 Influencing Disciplines, 16 1.3 Birth and Evolution of Real-Time Systems, 16 1.3.1 Diversifying Applications, 17 1.3.2 Advancements behind Modern Real-Time Systems, 19 1.4 Summary, 21 1.5 Exercises, 24 References, 25 2 Hardware for Real-Time Systems 27 2.1 Basic Processor Architecture, 28 2.1.1 Von Neumann Architecture, 29 2.1.2 Instruction Processing, 30 2.1.3 Input/Output and Interrupt Considerations, 33 2.2 Memory Technologies, 36 2.2.1 Different Classes of Memory, 36 2.2.2 Memory Access and Layout Issues, 38 2.2.3 Hierarchical Memory Organization, 41 2.3 Architectural Ad...
List of contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xxi
1 Fundamentals of Real-Time Systems 1
1.1 Concepts and Misconceptions, 2
1.1.1 Definitions for Real-Time Systems, 2
1.1.2 Usual Misconceptions, 14
1.2 Multidisciplinary Design Challenges, 15
1.2.1 Influencing Disciplines, 16
1.3 Birth and Evolution of Real-Time Systems, 16
1.3.1 Diversifying Applications, 17
1.3.2 Advancements behind Modern Real-Time Systems, 19
1.4 Summary, 21
1.5 Exercises, 24
References, 25
2 Hardware for Real-Time Systems 27
2.1 Basic Processor Architecture, 28
2.1.1 Von Neumann Architecture, 29
2.1.2 Instruction Processing, 30
2.1.3 Input/Output and Interrupt Considerations, 33
2.2 Memory Technologies, 36
2.2.1 Different Classes of Memory, 36
2.2.2 Memory Access and Layout Issues, 38
2.2.3 Hierarchical Memory Organization, 41
2.3 Architectural Advancements, 43
2.3.1 Pipelined Instruction Processing, 45
2.3.2 Superscalar and Very Long Instruction Word Architectures, 46
2.3.3 Multi-Core Processors, 48
2.3.4 Complex Instruction Set versus Reduced Instruction Set, 50
2.4 Peripheral Interfacing, 52
2.4.1 Interrupt-Driven Input/Output, 53
2.4.2 Direct Memory Access, 56
2.4.3 Analog and Digital Input/Output, 58
2.5 Microprocessor versus Microcontroller, 62
2.5.1 Microprocessors, 62
2.5.2 Standard Microcontrollers, 64
2.5.3 Custom Microcontrollers, 66
2.6 Distributed Real-Time Architectures, 68
2.6.1 Fieldbus Networks, 68
2.6.2 Time-Triggered Architectures, 71
2.7 Summary, 73
2.8 Exercises, 74
References, 76
3 Real-Time Operating Systems 79
3.1 From Pseudokernels to Operating Systems, 80
3.1.1 Miscellaneous Pseudokernels, 82
3.1.2 Interrupt-Only Systems, 87
3.1.3 Preemptive Priority Systems, 90
3.1.4 Hybrid Scheduling Systems, 90
3.1.5 The Task Control Block Model, 95
3.2 Theoretical Foundations of Scheduling, 97
3.2.1 Scheduling Framework, 98
3.2.2 Round-Robin Scheduling, 99
3.2.3 Cyclic Code Scheduling, 100
3.2.4 Fixed-Priority Scheduling: Rate-Monotonic Approach, 102
3.2.5 Dynamic Priority Scheduling: Earliest Deadline First Approach, 104
3.3 System Services for Application Programs, 106
3.3.1 Linear Buffers, 107
3.3.2 Ring Buffers, 109
3.3.3 Mailboxes, 110
3.3.4 Semaphores, 112
3.3.5 Deadlock and Starvation Problems, 114
3.3.6 Priority Inversion Problem, 118
3.3.7 Timer and Clock Services, 122
3.3.8 Application Study: A Real-Time Structure, 123
3.4 Memory Management Issues, 127
3.4.1 Stack and Task Control Block Management, 127
3.4.2 Multiple-Stack Arrangement, 128
3.4.3 Memory Management in the Task Control Block Model, 129
3.4.4 Swapping, Overlaying, and Paging, 130
3.5 Selecting Real-Time Operating Systems, 133
3.5.1 Buying versus Building, 134
3.5.2 Selection Criteria and a Metric for Commercial Real-Time Operating Systems, 135
3.5.3 Case Study: Selecting a Commercial Real-Time Operating System, 138
3.5.4 Supplementary Criteria for Multi-Core and Energy-Aware Support, 140
3.6 Summary, 142
3.7 Exercises, 143
References, 146
4 Programming Languages for Real-Time Systems 149
4.1 Codi
