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This book brings together twenty-three distinctive and influential essays on ancient moral philosophy--including several published here for the first time--by the distinguished philosopher and classical scholar John Cooper. The volume gives a systematic account of many of the most important issues and texts in ancient moral psychology and ethical theory, providing a unified and illuminating way of reflecting on the fields as they developed from Socrates and Plato through Aristotle to Epicurus and the Stoic philosophers Chrysippus and Posidonius, and beyond.
For the ancient philosophers, Cooper shows here, morality was "good character" and what that entailed: good judgment, sensitivity, openness, reflectiveness, and a secure and correct sense of who one was and how one stood in relation to others and the surrounding world. Ethical theory was about the best way to be rather than any principles for what to do in particular circumstances or in relation to recurrent temptations. Moral psychology was the study of the psychological conditions required for good character--the sorts of desires, the attitudes to self and others, the states of mind and feeling, the kinds of knowledge and insight.
Together these papers illustrate brilliantly how, by studying the arguments of the Greek philosophers in their diverse theories about the best human life and its psychological underpinnings, we can expand our own moral understanding and imagination and enrich our own moral thought. The collection will be crucial reading for anyone interested in classical philosophy and what it can contribute to reflection on contemporary questions about ethics and human life.
List of contents
| Preface | |
| Acknowledgments | |
| Editorial Note | |
| Pt. I | Socrates and Plato | |
| Ch. 1 | Notes on Xenophon's Socrates | 3 |
| Ch. 2 | Socrates and Plato in Plato's Gorgias | 29 |
| Ch. 3 | The Unity of Virtue | 76 |
| Ch. 4 | Plato's Theory of Human Motivation | 118 |
| Ch. 5 | The Psychology of Justice in Plato | 138 |
| Ch. 6 | Plato's Theory of Human Good in the Philebus | 151 |
| Ch. 7 | Plato's Statesman and Politics | 165 |
| Appendix | Expertises Subordinate to Statesmanship | 190 |
| Pt. II | Aristotle | |
| Ch. 8 | The Magna Moralia and Aristotle's Moral Philosophy | 195 |
| Ch. 9 | Contemplation and Happiness: A Reconsideration | 212 |
| Ch. 10 | Some Remarks on Aristotle's Moral Psychology | 237 |
| Appendix | 251 |
| Ch. 11 | Reason, Moral Virtue, and Moral Value | 253 |
| Ch. 12 | Aristotle on the Authority of "Appearances" | 281 |
| Ch. 13 | Aristotle on the Goods of Fortune | 292 |
| Postscript | 309 |
| Ch. 14 | Aristotle on the Forms of Friendship | 312 |
| Ch. 15 | Friendship and the Good in Aristotle | 336 |
| Ch. 16 | Political Animals and Civic Friendship | 356 |
| Ch. 17 | Justice and Rights in Aristotle's Politics | 378 |
| Ch. 18 | Ethical-Political Theory in Aristotle's Rhetoric | 390 |
| Ch. 19 | An Aristotelian Theory of the Emotions | 406 |
| Pt. III | Hellenistic Philosophy | |
| Ch. 20 | Eudaimonism, the Appeal to Nature, and "Moral Duty" in Stoicism | 427 |
| Ch. 21 | Posidonius on Emotions | 449 |
| Ch. 22 | Pleasure and Desire in Epicurus | 485 |
| Ch. 23 | Greek Philosophers on Euthanasia and Suicide | 515 |
| Bibliography of Works Cited | 543 |
| Index of Passages | 553 |
| General Index | 575 |
About the author
John M. Cooper is Stuart Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University. He is the author of
Reason and Human Good in Aristotle and
Plato's "Theaetetus." He is the general editor of
Plato: Complete Works and also coedited
Seneca: Moral and Political Essays with J. F. Procopé.
Summary
Brings together twenty-three essays on ancient moral philosophy. This book gives an account of many issues and texts in ancient moral psychology and ethical theory, providing a way of reflecting on the fields as they developed from Socrates and Plato through Aristotle to Epicurus and the Stoic philosophers Chrysippus and Posidonius, and beyond.
Additional text
"This splendid book is a collection of twenty-three of John Cooper's papers on Greek ethical philosophy. . . . But more important, bringing these papers together has synergistic effects: we see Cooper returning to related issues in different contexts and elaborating the scope and depth of his analyses. . . . [T]hey are one of the handful of permanent contributions to the study of ancient ethics in the past one hundred years."---Chris Bobonich, The Philosophical Review
