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Zusammenfassung This collection of eighteen papers and eleven commentaries by noted economists! demographers! and sociologists! combines systematic discussions of the demographic effects of below-replacement fertility with efforts to explain its social origins! to determine the likely societal consequences and to assess potential policy responses. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface; Part I. Trends: 1. The unprecedented shortage of births in Europe Jean Bourgeois-Pichat; 2. The decline of fertility in non-European industrialized countries Samuel H. Preston; 3. Low fertility in evolutionary perspective Kingsley Davis; Part II. Models: 4. Altruism and the economic theory of fertility Gary S. Becker and Robert J. Barro; Comment Paul A. David; 5. The value and allocation of time in high-income countries: implications for fertility T. Paul Schultz; Comment Ronald D. Lee; 6. Competitive human markets, interfamily transfers, and below-replacement fertility Mikhail S. Bernstam; Part III. Interpretation: 7. The family that does not reproduce itself Nathan Keyfitz; 8. Perspective on nuptiality and fertility Charles F. Westoff; Comment Shigemi Kono; 9. Changing values and falling birth rates Samuel H. Preston; Comment Harriet B. Presser; Part IV. Consequences: 10. Demographic effects of below-replacement fertility and their social implications Ansley J. Coale; 11. Economic growth with below-replacement fertility Geoffrey McNicoll; Comments Ester Boserup, Thomas Gale Moore and Carmel U. Chiswick; 12. Population dynamics with immigration and low fertility Thomas J. Espenshade; 13. Immigration as a counter to below-replacement fertility in the United States David M. Heer; Comment Barry R. Chiswick; Part V. Policies: 14. Social security in aging societies Carolyn L. Weaver; Comment Thomas Gale Moore; 15. US social security under low fertility Rita Ricardo-Campbell; Comment Annelise Anderson; 16. Recent pronatalist policies in western Europe C. Alison Mcintosh; 17. Pronatalist policies in low-fertility countries: patterns, performance, and prospects Paul Demeny; Authors....
