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Informationen zum Autor Brigitte Voit is head of the Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry at the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research (IPF)Dresden, as well as professor of Organic Chemistry of Polymers at the University of Technology Dresden (TUD). In addition, she is heads the IPF Dresden as Managing Director and Chief Scientific Officer (Scientific Director). Rainer Haag is full professor in organic and macromolecular chemistry at the Freie Universität, Berlin. Dietmar Appelhans is a post-doctorial member in the working group of Professor Brigitte Voit at the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research (IPF) Dresden and focuses on dendritic polymers. Klappentext This reference/text addresses concepts and synthetic techniques for the preparation of polymers for state-of-the-art use in biomedicine, synthetic biology, and bionanotechnology. Zusammenfassung This reference/text addresses concepts and synthetic techniques for the preparation of polymers for state-of-the-art use in biomedicine! synthetic biology! and bionanotechnology. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xi Acknowledgments xiii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What makes Polymers so Interesting? 1 1.2 Macromolecular Engineering and Nanostructure Formation 4 1.3 Specific Needs in Bionanotechnology and Biomedicine 5 Reference 6 2 Terminology 7 2.1 Polymer Architectures 7 2.2 Multifunctionality 11 2.3 Bioconjugates 12 2.4 Biocompatibility 12 2.5 Biodegradation 14 2.6 Bioactivity 14 2.7 Multivalency 15 2.8 Bionanotechnology 17 References 18 3 Preparation Methods and Tools 19 3.1 General Aspects of Polymer Synthesis 19 3.1.1 Chain Growth Polymerizations 20 3.1.2 Step Growth Polymerizations 23 3.1.3 Modification of Polymers 25 3.2 Controlled Polymer Synthesis 25 3.2.1 Anionic Polymerization 26 3.2.2 Cationic Polymerization 30 3.2.3 Controlled Radical Polymerization 34 3.2.4 Metal¿Catalyzed Polymerization 37 3.2.5 Chain Growth Condensation Polymerization 41 3.3 Effective Polymer Analogous Reactions 43 3.4 Pegylation 47 3.5 Bioconjugation 51 3.5.1 Polynucleotide Conjugates 53 3.5.2 Protein Conjugates 55 3.5.3 Polysaccharide Conjugates 57 3.6 Enzymatic Polymer Synthesis 59 3.7 Solid Phase Synthesis and Biotechnological Approaches 63 3.7.1 Solid Phase Synthesis 63 3.7.2 Biotechnology Approaches in the Synthesis of Biopolymers 75 3.8 Hydrogels and Hydrogel Scaffolds 81 3.8.1 Hydrogels 81 3.8.2 Hydrogels as Scaffold Materials 84 3.9 Surface Modification and Film Preparation 92 3.9.1 Self¿Assembled Monolayers 93 3.9.2 Langmuir-Blodgett Films 95 3.9.3 Layer¿by¿Layer Deposition 96 3.9.4 Immobilization by Chemical Binding to Substrates 97 3.9.5 Low¿Pressure Plasma 99 3.9.6 Electron Beam Treatment 101 3.10 Microengineering of Polymers and Polymeric Surfaces 102 References 107 4 Analytical Methods 113 4.1 Molecular Structure and Molar Mass Determination of Polymers and Biohybrids 113 4.1.1 Structural Characterization 114 4.1.2 Determination of Molar Mass and Molar Mass Distribution 132 4.2 Characterization of Aggregates and Assemblies 137 4.2.1 Dynamic Light Scattering 138 4.2.2 Pulsed Field Gradient and Electrophoretic Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 139 4.2.3 Field¿Flow Fractionation 142 4.2.4 UV-Vis Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Spectroscopy 144 4.2.5 Electron Microscopy 145 4.3 Characterization of Hydrogel Networks 147 4.3.1 Network Structure of Hydrogels 148 4.3.2 Swelling Degree 148 4.3.3 Mechanical Properties 150 4.3.4 Deriving Microscopic Network...
