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Klappentext This book compares the consequences of electoral rules and cultural modernization for many dimensions of political representations and voting behavior. It includes patterns of party competition! the strength of social cleavages and party loyalties! levels of turnout! the gender and ethnic diversity of parliaments! and the provisions of constituency service. The study covers elections held from 1996 to 2002 in newer as well as established democracies that range from the U.S.! Australia! and Switzerland to Peru! Taiwan and Ukraine. Zusammenfassung The book illustrates that formal rules do matter! with the social cleavages and partisan identities of voters! and the diversity and behavior of elected representatives! shaped by the incentives generated by majoritarian! combined! and proportional electoral systems. Inhaltsverzeichnis Part I. Introduction: 1. Do rules matter?; 2. Classifying electoral systems; 3. Evaluating electoral systems; Part II. The Consequences for Voting Behavior: 4. Party systems; 5. Social cleavages; 6. Party loyalties; 7. Turnout; Part III. The Consequences for Political Representation: 8. Women; 9. Ethnic minorities; 10. Constituency service; Part IV. Conclusions: 11. The impact of electoral engineering.