Disaster Response and Recovery - Strategies and Tactics for Resilience

Provides an overview of the various types of disasters that may occur, the myriad of actors that are involved in emergency management, and the diverse theoretical frameworks from which post-disaster activities may be approached.* Includes updated chapters keeping the material fresh and accessible while incorporating recent changes in policy and new research* Highlights lessons learned from such incidents and catastrophes as: Hurricane Katrina, Earthquake in Haiti, Parking lot collapse in Miami, West Texas industrial explosion, Train wreck in Spain, Aurora movie shooting, Times Square bombing, etc.* Examines typical challenges to be expected during response efforts along with tools and techniques to enhance the ability to protect lives, reduce property damage and minimize disruption* Includes an instructor package which contains: Sample Syllabus, Teaching Suggestions, Test bank, and PowerPoints

List of contents

About the Author xivForeword xviPreface xviiiAcknowledgments xxi1 Knowing What to Expect 11.1 The Occurrence of Disasters 21.1.1 Important Concepts 31.1.2 Preview of Disaster Response and Recovery 61.2 Types of Hazards 71.2.1 Natural Hazards 81.2.2 Atmospheric Hazards 81.2.3 Geological Hazards 131.2.4 Hydrologic Hazards 141.2.5 Seismic and Volcanic Hazards 161.2.6 Wildfire Hazards 191.2.7 Biological Hazards 191.3 Technological Hazards 201.3.1 Industrial Hazards 201.3.2 Environmental Hazards 211.3.3 Nuclear Hazards 221.3.4 Structural Collapse Hazards 221.3.5 Computer Hazards 231.3.6 Transportation Hazards 241.4 Civil/Conflict Hazards 261.4.1 Mass Shootings 261.4.2 Panic Flight 271.4.3 Riots 281.4.4 Terrorism 291.4.5 War 301.5 The Complexity and Impact of Disasters 311.5.1 The Nature of Disasters 321.5.2 Changes Associated with Disasters 331.5.3 The Need for Response and Recovery Operations 342 Understanding the Actors 442.1 The Public Sector 452.1.1 Local Government 452.1.2 County and Regional Governments 482.1.3 State Government 492.1.4 Federal Government 522.1.5 Tribal Government 562.2 The Private Sector 582.2.1 Emergency and Long-Term Medical Care 582.2.2 Sheltering and Housing 592.2.3 Media Reporting 592.2.4 Volunteers and Donations 592.2.5 Insurance Settlements 592.2.6 Utility Restoration and Community Reconstruction 602.2.7 Business Continuity 612.2.8 Transportation 612.2.9 Vending of Goods and Services 622.3 The Nonprofit Sector 622.3.1 The Red Cross 632.3.2 Faith-Based Organizations 642.3.3 Community Groups 652.4 Citizen and Emergent Groups 662.5 Working with Different Groups and the Whole Community 693 Anticipating Human Behavior in Disasters 793.1 The Impact of Hollywood and The Media 803.1.1 Hollywood 803.1.2 The Media 813.2 Research on Myths 823.3 Evidence of Exaggeration 873.4 Realities about Response and Recovery 913.5 The Importance of Understanding Behavior Correctly 964 Recognizing Alternative Management Approaches 1044.1 The Traditional Model 1054.1.1 Features of the Traditional Model 1074.1.2 Strengths of Traditional Model 1094.1.3 Weaknesses of Traditional Model 1124.2 The Professional Model 1144.2.1 Features of the Professional Model 1154.2.2 Strengths of the Professional Model 1164.2.3 Weaknesses of Professional Model 1184.3 Comparison of The Models 1205 Implementing Initial Response Measures 1275.1 Hazard Detection 1285.1.1 Initial Steps 1315.2 Issuing Warnings 1355.2.1 Types of Warning Systems 1375.2.2 Warning Considerations 1405.3 Evacuation 1425.3.1 Means of Evacuation 1435.3.2 Evacuation Behavior 1445.3.3 Evacuation Considerations 1465.3.4 Evacuation Procedures 1485.4 Sheltering 1495.4.1 Sheltering Types 1505.4.2 Shelter Use and Characteristics 1515.4.3 Working with Others to Establish and ManageShelters 1526 Caring for the Injured, Dead, and Distraught 1636.1 Search and Rescue Operations 1646.1.1 Types of SAR 1646.1.2 Human Behavior in SAR Operations 1656.1.3 Issues to Consider When Carrying Out SAR 1666.1.4 Professional USAR Teams 1686.1.5 Conducting SAR Operations 1706.2 Emergency Medical Care and Triage 1736.2.1 Treating the Injured 1746.2.2 Triage 1776.2.3 Disaster Medical Assistance Teams 1796.3 Mass Fatality Management 1816.3.1 Mass Fatality Incidents and Their Challenges 1836.3.2 Responding to Mass Fatality Incidents 1846.3.3 Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Teams 1866.4 Stress Management 1896.4.1 Vulnerability to PTSD/CIS 1896.4.2 Common Signs of PTSD/CIS 1916.4.3 Overcoming Ptsd/Cis 1916.4.4 The Merit of Defusings and Debriefings 1947 Managing Public Information, Donations, and Volunteers 2047.1 The Media and Disasters 2057.1.1 Types of Media 2057.1.2 Challenges Associated with the Media 2077.1.3 Strategies for Working with the Media 2107.2 Dealing with Donations 2137.2.1 Challenges Resulting from Donations 2157.2.2 Recommendations for Donations Management 2207.3 Volunteer Management 2237.3.1 Difficulties Associated with Volunteers 2247.3.2 Strategies for Volunteer Management 2267.3.3 Advantages of Volunteer Management 2288 Moving Beyond Immediate Needs 2368.1 Assessing Damages 2378.1.1 Types of Damage Assessment 2398.1.2 Methods of Conducting Damage Assessment 2408.2 Challenges in Damage Assessment 2428.2.1 Accuracy 2428.2.2 Working with Others 2438.2.3 Access and Safety 2438.3 Damage Assessment Procedures 2458.3.1 Preassessment Activities 2458.3.2 Assessment Activities 2458.4 Disaster Declarations 2488.4.1 Difficulties Associated with the Process 2498.4.2 Factors Determining Declarations 2508.4.3 Other Unique Requirements 2518.5 Debris Produced by Disasters 2528.5.1 Types of Debris 2528.5.2 Debris Management Challenges 2558.6 Dealing with Debris Effectively 2578.6.1 Storage Locations and the Environment 2588.6.2 Epa Recommendations for Improving Debris Management 2608.7 Regulations and Other Considerations 2618.7.1 Reducing Expenses 2628.7.2 Preventing Fraud 2629 Promoting Recovery and Mitigation 2729.1 Disaster Impacts and Disaster Assistance 2739.2 Types of IA 2759.2.1 Loans and Grants 2769.2.2 Services 2779.2.3 Benefits 2789.3 Obtaining IA 2799.3.1 National Processing Service Center (NPSC) 2799.3.2 Disaster Recovery Center (DRC) 2809.4 Categories of PA 2849.4.1 Emergency Assistance 2849.4.2 Permanent Assistance 2859.5 Obtaining PA 2869.6 Important Issues for Recovery 2889.6.1 Minimizing Fraud 2899.6.2 Protecting the Environment 2899.6.3 Preserving Historic Buildings 2909.6.4 Mitigating Future Disasters 2919.7 The Potential for Disagreement 2969.8 Pressing for Change 2979.8.1 Lessons from the Loma Prieta Earthquake 29810 Overcoming Typical Challenges 30710.1 Communications and Coordination 30810.1.1 The Importance of Communication and Coordination 30910.1.2 Communication and Coordination Barriers 30910.1.3 Enhancing Communication 31010.1.4 Improving Coordination 31110.2 Decision Making 31310.2.1 Overcoming Decision Errors 31610.3 Transportation Issues and Logistics 31710.3.1 Dealing with Transportation Problems 31810.3.2 Logistics in Disasters 31910.4 Special Populations 32010.4.1 Gender 32210.4.2 Race and Ethnic Groups 32210.4.3 The Poor 32410.4.4 Tourists 32510.4.5 The Elderly 32510.4.6 Children 32510.4.7 The Disabled 32510.4.8 Other Special Needs Groups 32610.4.9 Meeting the Needs of Special Populations 32710.5 Politics 32810.5.1 Overcoming Political Problems 32910.6 Legal Concerns 33110.6.1 Disasters and Law 33110.6.2 Constitutional Rights 33310.6.3 Negligence 33310.6.4 Minimizing Liability 33410.7 Record Keeping 33510.7.1 Record Keeping Problems 33610.7.2 Keeping Accurate Records 33711 Harnessing Technology and Organization 34811.1 The Importance of Technology 34911.2 Communication Equipment and Interoperability 35111.2.1 Trunked Radio Systems 35211.2.2 The Internet 35311.2.3 Voice over Internet Protocol and Other Equipment 35311.2.4 The ACU-1000 35311.2.5 Interoperability 35411.3 Decision Support Systems (DSSs) 35411.4 GIS 35711.5 Managing Disasters at the Local Level 35911.5.1 ICS 35911.5.2 Principles of Incident Command 36011.5.3 Strengths and Weaknesses of Incident Command 36311.5.4 EOC 36511.5.5 Characteristics of an EOC 36511.5.6 Challenges Facing EOCs 36711.5.7 Using EOCs 36811.5.8 Comparison of ICS and EOCs 36811.5.9 Memorandums of Understanding and Mutual Aid Agreements 36911.6 Managing Disasters at the State Level 37011.6.1 SEMS 37011.6.2 EMAC 37111.7 Managing Disasters on a Federal Level 37311.7.1 NIMS 37311.7.2 Goals of NIMS 37411.7.3 Principles of NIMS 37511.7.4 Strengths and Weaknesses of NIMS 37711.7.5 NRF 37811.7.6 ESFs in the NRF 37911.7.7 The National Disaster Recovery Framework 38211.7.8 Recovery Support Functions in the NDRF 38412 Foreseeing the Future 39412.1 Disasters on the Rise 39512.2 Understanding Natural Disasters 39812.2.1 Responding to a Natural Disaster 39912.3 Understanding Technological Disasters 40512.3.1 Responding to HazMat Incidents 40612.4 Understanding Acts of Violence 40912.4.1 Responding to Acts of Violence 40912.5 Understanding Terrorism 41212.5.1 Responding to Terrorist Disasters 41312.5.2 Protecting First Responders 41612.5.3 Protecting Evidence 41712.5.4 Relying on Other Organizations 41812.6 Insufficiently Recognized Hazards 42112.6.1 Environmental Degradation, Global Warning, and Climate Change 42112.6.2 Pole Reversals 42312.6.3 Asteroid Strikes 42412.6.4 Biological Threats 42612.6.5 Computer/Information Technology Hazards 43012.6.6 Responding to Computer/Information Technology Disasters 43112.7 Increased Vulnerability 43212.7.1 Persistent Poverty 43312.7.2 Growing Population and Urbanization 43312.7.3 Increased Diversity 43412.7.4 Further Industrialization 43412.7.5 Internationalization 43512.7.6 Improper Land Use and Construction 43612.7.7 Weak Emergency Management Institutions 43612.7.8 Other Factors 43713 Enhancing Disaster Resilience 45013.1 Preparing Your Community 45113.1.1 Creating an Ordinance 45213.1.2 Establishing a Preparedness Council 45213.2 Acquiring Financial Resources 45513.2.1 Resource Lists 45513.2.2 Annual Budgets 45513.2.3 Grants 45613.2.4 Applying for and Managing Grants 45713.3 Establishing an Eoc 45813.4 Hazard and Vulnerability Assessment 46013.5 Writing an Eop 46113.6 First Responder and Organizational Training 46313.7 Disaster Exercises 46413.7.1 Types of Exercises 46413.7.2 Managing Exercises 46513.7.3 Exercise Participants and Other Considerations 46613.8 Public Education 46713.9 Spontaneous Planning, Improvisation, Creativity, and Flexibility 46913.10 Leadership and Professionalism 47413.10.1 Becoming a Professional Emergency Manager 476Bibliography 487Index 528

About the author

David McEntire is a Professor in the Emergency Administration and Planning Program (EADP) in the Department of Public Administration at the University of North Texas. He teaches emergency management courses in both the undergraduate and graduate programs. Dr. McEntire has written extensively on emergency management and has been recognized by peers as the recipient of the Blanchard Award for Academic Excellence in Emergency Management Higher Education.

Summary

Provides an overview of the various types of disasters that may occur, the myriad of actors that are involved in emergency management, and the diverse theoretical frameworks from which post-disaster activities may be approached.

Product details

• Authors: David A McEntire, David A. McEntire, David A. (University of North Texas) Mcentire
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Paperback / Softback
• Released: 09.01.2015
• EAN: 9781118673027
• ISBN: 978-1-118-67302-7
• No. of pages: 560
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Technology > Miscellaneous; Social sciences, law, business > Sociology > Social structure research; Soziologie, Notfallmedizin, Sociology, SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology / General, POLITICAL SCIENCE / Terrorism, MEDICAL / Allied Health Services / Emergency Medical Services