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"Many books on Power System Harmonics only cover certain aspects of the subject. This book is the first to cover Power System Harmonics in depth, including real world case studies engineers can learn from. Written by a well-known author with extensive experience designing harmonic filters, this book is written in a thorough and easy to read way, making it an invaluable resource for practicing engineers as well as students. Coverage includes new harmonic mitigation technologies, detailed step-by-step design of passive filters, interharmonics and flicker, and more. Readers who are new to the field will find this book easy to understand and will be able to grasp the subject easily through the many examples, case studies and illustrations. Readers who are already familiar with Power System Harmonics will be able to learn new insights and the latest developments"--
List of contents
FOREWORD xv
PREFACE xix
ABOUT THE AUTHOR xxi
CHAPTER 1 POWER SYSTEM HARMONICS 1
1.1 Nonlinear Loads 2
1.2 Increases in Nonlinear Loads 3
1.3 Effects of Harmonics 4
1.4 Distorted Waveforms 4
1.5 Harmonics and Sequence Components 7
1.6 Harmonic Indices 9
1.7 Power Factor, Distortion Factor, and Total Power Factor 11
1.8 Power Theories 13
1.9 Amplification and Attenuation of Harmonics 27
References 28
CHAPTER 2 FOURIER ANALYSIS 31
2.1 Periodic Functions 31
2.2 Orthogonal Functions 31
2.3 Fourier Series and Coefficients 33
2.4 Odd Symmetry 35
2.5 Even Symmetry 36
2.6 Half-Wave Symmetry 37
2.7 Harmonic Spectrum 41
2.8 Complex form of Fourier Series 41
2.9 Fourier Transform 43
2.10 Dirichlet Conditions 52
2.11 Power Spectrum of a Function 54
2.12 Convolution 56
2.13 Sampled Waveform: Discrete Fourier Transform 57
2.14 Fast Fourier Transform 64
References 69
CHAPTER 3 HARMONIC GENERATION-1 71
3.1 Harmonics in Transformers 71
3.2 Energization of a Transformer 79
3.3 Delta Windings of Three-Phase Transformers 82
3.4 Harmonics in Rotating Machine Windings 92
3.5 Cogging and Crawling of Induction Motors 97
3.6 Synchronous Generators 102
3.7 Saturation of Current Transformers 104
3.8 Ferroresonance 105
3.9 Power Capacitors 111
3.10 Transmission Lines 112
References 112
CHAPTER 4 HARMONIC GENERATION-II 115
4.1 Static Power Converters 115
4.2 Single-Phase Bridge Circuit 115
4.3 Reactive Power Requirements of Converters 122
4.4 Three-Phase Bridge Circuit 124
4.5 Harmonics on Output (DC) Side 133
4.6 Inverter Operation 135
4.7 Diode Bridge Converters 139
4.8 Switch-Mode Power (SMP) Supplies 142
4.9 Home Appliances 143
4.10 Arc Furnaces 144
4.11 Cycloconverters 147
4.12 Thyristor-Controlled Reactor 150
4.13 Pulse Width Modulation 154
4.14 Voltage Source Converters 158
4.15 Wind Power Generation 162
4.16 Fluorescent Lighting 165
4.17 Adjustable Speed Drives 167
4.18 Pulse Burst Modulation 174
4.19 Chopper Circuits and Electric Traction 175
4.20 Slip Frequency Recovery Schemes 177
4.21 Power Semiconductor Devices 178
References 181
CHAPTER 5 INTERHARMONICS AND FLICKER 183
5.1 Interharmonics 183
5.2 Sources of Interharmonics 183
5.3 Arc Furnaces 192
5.4 Effects of Interharmonics 196
5.5 Reduction of Interharmonics 198
5.6 Flicker 198
5.7 Flicker Testing 202
5.8 Control of Flicker 205
5.9 Tracing Methods of Flicker and Interharmonics 208
5.10 Torsional Analysis 210
5.11 Subsynchronous Resonance 217
References 225
CHAPTER 6 HARMONIC REDUCTION AT THE SOURCE 229
6.1 Phase Multiplication 230
6.2 Varying Topologies 230
6.3 Harmonic Cancellation: Commercial Loads 232
6.4 Input Reactors to the PWM ASDs 235
6.5 Active Filters 237
6.6 Active Current Shaping 248
6.7 Hybrid Connections of Active and Passive Filters 251
6.8 Impedance Source Inverters 255
6.9 Matrix Converters 259
6.10 Mutilevel Inverters 262
6.11 Switching A
About the author
J.C. Das is a consultant of electrical power systems at
Power Systems Studies,
Inc.,
USA. He is Life Fellow of IEEE (UK), Fellow of IET (India), and has authored approximately sixty technical papers and published 190 study reports of real-world power systems. He is the author of three books including
ARC Flash Hazard Analysis and Mitigation. He is a registered P.E. in the states of Georgia and Oklahoma, C.Eng. in UK, and Eur Ing in Europe. J. C. Das is also a member of CIGRE, Federation of European Engineers, and other technical associations and organizations.
Summary
As new technologies are created and advances are made with the ongoing research efforts, power system harmonics has become a subject of great interest. The author presents these nuances with real-life case studies, comprehensive models of power system components for harmonics, and EMTP simulations.
