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At extremely low temperatures, clouds of bosonic atoms form what is known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. Recently, it has become clear that many different types of condensates -- so called fragmented condensates -- exist. In order to tell whether fragmentation occurs or not, it is necessary to solve the full many-body Schrödinger equation, a task that remained elusive for experimentally relevant conditions for many years. In this thesis the first numerically exact solutions of the time-dependent many-body Schrödinger equation for a bosonic Josephson junction are provided and compared to the approximate Gross-Pitaevskii and Bose-Hubbard theories. It is thereby shown that the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates is far more intricate than one would anticipate based on these approximations. A special conceptual innovation in this thesis are optimal lattice models. It is shown how all quantum lattice models of condensed matter physics that are based on Wannier functions, e.g. the Bose/Fermi Hubbard model, can be optimized variationally. This leads to exciting new physics.
List of contents
General Theory.- General Methods for the Quantum Dynamics of Identical Bosons.- Lattice Models for the Quantum Dynamics of Identical Bosons.- Reduced Density Matrices and Coherence of Trapped Interacting Bosons.- Exact Quantum Dynamics of a Bosonic Josephson Junction.- Quantum Dynamics of Attractive vs. Repulsive Bosonic Josephson Junctions: Bose-Hubbard and full-Hamiltonian Results.- Optimal Time-Dependent Lattice Models for Nonequilibrium Dynamics.-Final Remarks and Outlook.-Appendices.
Summary
At extremely low temperatures, clouds of bosonic atoms form what is known as a Bose-Einstein condensate. Recently, it has become clear that many different types of condensates -- so called fragmented condensates -- exist. In order to tell whether fragmentation occurs or not, it is necessary to solve the full many-body Schrödinger equation, a task that remained elusive for experimentally relevant conditions for many years. In this thesis the first numerically exact solutions of the time-dependent many-body Schrödinger equation for a bosonic Josephson junction are provided and compared to the approximate Gross-Pitaevskii and Bose-Hubbard theories. It is thereby shown that the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates is far more intricate than one would anticipate based on these approximations. A special conceptual innovation in this thesis are optimal lattice models. It is shown how all quantum lattice models of condensed matter physics that are based on Wannier functions, e.g. the Bose/Fermi Hubbard model, can be optimized variationally. This leads to exciting new physics.
Additional text
From the reviews:
“The work under the present review is a doctoral thesis of the well-known Heidelberg University. The topic treated in the 130-page thesis is of great value with several respects. … Final remarks and outlook complete the thesis together with 6 useful appendices. In addition to extensive references at the end of the first 8 chapters there is a brief bibliography and the Scholar’s biography. Colourful figures are very interesting and informative, indeed.” (Paninjukunnath Achuthan, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1233, 2012)
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From the reviews:
"The work under the present review is a doctoral thesis of the well-known Heidelberg University. The topic treated in the 130-page thesis is of great value with several respects. ... Final remarks and outlook complete the thesis together with 6 useful appendices. In addition to extensive references at the end of the first 8 chapters there is a brief bibliography and the Scholar's biography. Colourful figures are very interesting and informative, indeed." (Paninjukunnath Achuthan, Zentralblatt MATH, Vol. 1233, 2012)
