Microbiology of Drinking Water - Production and Distribution

"This book is proposed because it offers a comprehensive coverage of most of the topics pertaining to drinking water microbiology. It concerns the public health aspects of drinking water treatment and distribution and describes the different water treatment processes (pretreatment, coagulation, flocculation,sedimentation, filtration, disinfection) and their impact on waterborne microbial pathogens and parasites. The quality of the treated water may however be degraded in the water distribution system (WDS). Microorganisms attach to surfaces, namely water distribution pipes, and form biofilms which allow their survival and growth, gene exchange and resistance to disinfection. The biofilm environment also allows the survival and potential growth of primary and opportunistic pathogens. The water distribution system may also harbor various organisms (e.g., algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, free living amoebas, invertebrates, iron and manganese bacteria, nitrifying bacteria) which alter the qualityof treated water. The biostability of the treated water is an important factor to consider if one wants to reduce bacterial growth in WDS. Various approaches/methodologies have been proposed to assess the bacterial growth potential in WDS. Due to bioterrorism threats to drinking water safety, one needs to know about the scope of this threat, the microbial agents involved and the safeguards that are put in place to protect this precious resource. The proposed book would not be complete if one fails to discuss the research on drinking water quality in developing countries which experience more the two million deaths resulting from diarrheal diseases. Various simple and low-cost treatment technologies are available for improving the quality of drinking water in developing countries. Finally, due a surge in bottled water sales around the world, there is a great need to know about the microbiological water quality of this resource which is often misunderstood by the public at large"--Provided by publisher....

List of contents

PREFACE xi
 
1 MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER 1
 
1.1 Introduction 1
 
1.2 Transmission Routes of Pathogens and Parasites 1
 
1.3 Major Pathogens and Parasites of Health Concern in Drinking Water 6
 
Web Resources 27
 
Further Reading 27
 
2 MICROBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DRINKING WATER TREATMENT 29
 
2.1 Introduction 29
 
2.2 Worldwide Concern Over Drinking Water Safety 30
 
2.3 Microbiological Quality of Source Water 33
 
2.4 Overview of Processes Involved in Drinking Water Treatment Plants 35
 
2.5 Process Microbiology and Fate of Pathogens and Parasites in Water Treatment Plants 36
 
2.6 Waste Residuals from Water Treatment Plants 55
 
2.7 Drinking Water Quality at the Consumer's Tap 55
 
Web Resources 62
 
Further Reading 63
 
3 DRINKING WATER DISINFECTION 65
 
3.1 Introduction 65
 
3.2 Chlorine 66
 
3.3 Chlorine Dioxide 72
 
3.4 Ozone 74
 
3.5 Ultraviolet Light 76
 
3.6 Use of Photocatalists in Water Disinfection 85
 
3.7 Physical Removal/Inactivation of Microbial Pathogens 86
 
Web Resources 89
 
Further Reading 89
 
4 DRINKING WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS: BIOFILM MICROBIOLOGY 91
 
4.1 Introduction 91
 
4.2 Biofilm Development in WDSs 93
 
4.3 Growh of Pathogens and Other Microorganisms in WDSs 105
 
4.4 Some Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofilms in Drinking Water Treatment and Distribution 109
 
4.5 Biofilm Control and Prevention 112
 
Web Resources 114
 
Further Reading 115
 
5 ESTHETIC AND OTHER CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH DRINKING WATER TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION 117
 
5.1 Introduction 117
 
5.2 Taste and Odor Problems in Drinking Water Treatment Plants 117
 
5.3 Algae and Cyanobacteria 121
 
5.4 Fungi 127
 
5.5 Actinomycetes 129
 
5.6 Protozoa 130
 
5.7 Invertebrates 132
 
5.8 Endotoxins 134
 
5.9 Iron, Manganese, and Sulfur Bacteria 134
 
5.10 Nitrifying Bacteria in Water Distribution Systems 135
 
Web Resources 137
 
Further Reading 138
 
6 BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT AND BIOSTABILITY OF DRINKING WATER 141
 
6.1 Introduction 141
 
6.2 Biological Treatment of Drinking Water 141
 
6.3 Assessment of Biostability of Drinking Water 143
 
Web Resources 151
 
Further Reading 151
 
7 BIOTERRORISM AND DRINKING WATER SAFETY 153
 
7.1 Introduction 153
 
7.2 Early History of Biological Warfare 153
 
7.3 BW Microbial Agents and Biotoxins 154
 
7.4 Deliberate Contamination ofWater Supplies with BW Agents or Biotoxins 161
 
7.5 Early Warning Systems for Assessing the Contamination of Source Waters or Water Distribution Systems 165
 
7.6 Protection of Drinking Water Supplies 168
 
7.7 Disinfection of BW-Contaminated Drinking Water 169
 
Web Resources 170
 
Further Reading 171
 
8 WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 173
 
8.1 Introduction: Water for a Thirsty Planet 173
 
8.2 Some Statistics ofWaterborne Diseases in Developing Countries 174
 
8.3 Some HWT Methods or Technologies in Use in Developing Countries 175
 
8.4 Personal Portable Water Treatment Systems for Travelers and Hikers 189
 
Web Resources 193
 
Further Reading 194
 
9 BOTTLED WATER MICROBIOLOGY 195
 
9.1 Introduction 195
 
9.2 Sources and Categories of Bottled Water 197
 
9.3 Bottled Water Microorganisms 199
 
9.4 Regulations Concerning Bo

About the author

Gabriel Bitton is Professor Emeritus of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology at University of Florida, Gainesville. He is the author of several books on various areas of microbiology. His research interests include Ecotoxicology: Toxicity Testing using microorganisms; Biosensors, Heavy metal toxicology and remediation, Environmental microbiology, Surface microbiology, Environmental Virology, Biotechnology and Environmental Control, Wastewater Microbiology, Bioremediation, Solid Waste toxicity and hormonal activity.

Summary

Microbiology of Drinking Water Production and Distribution addresses the public health aspects of drinking water treatment and distribution.

Product details

• Authors: G Bitton, Gabriel Bitton, Gabriel (University of Florida Bitton, Bitton Gabriel
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 10.10.2014
• EAN: 9781118743928
• ISBN: 978-1-118-74392-8
• No. of pages: 312
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Biology > Ecology; Mikrobiologie, Medizin, Umweltforschung, Trinkwasser, Wasserwirtschaft, Environmental Studies, microbiology, Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen, Civil Engineering & Construction, Medical Science, Water Resources, Mikrobiologie u. Virologie, Umwelt-Mikrobiologie, Environmental Microbiology