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Presents a systematic and comprehensive study of hydraulic fracturing, original in its concentration of core soil problems There have been a number of well-studied cases in which dams have failed or been damaged by concentrated leaks for no apparent cause.
List of contents
About the Author xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Nomenclature xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Types of Embankment Dam 1
1.2 Hydraulic Fracturing 3
1.3 Failure of the Teton Dam 5
1.4 Erosion Damage of the Balderhead Dam 9
1.5 Leakage of the Hyttejuvet Dam 13
1.6 Self-Healing of Core Cracks 17
1.7 Technical Route for Present Study 18
1.8 Summary 20
References 20
2 Review of Literature 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Theories of Hydraulic Fracturing 23
2.2.1 Theories Based on Circular Cavity Expansion Theory 24
2.2.2 Theories Based on Spherical Cavity Expansion Theory 26
2.2.3 Theories Based on True Triaxial Stress State Analyses 27
2.2.4 Empirical Formulas 31
2.2.5 Theories Based on Fracture Mechanics 34
2.3 Laboratory Experimental Studies on Hydraulic Fracturing 38
2.3.1 Cylindrical Sample 38
2.3.2 Rectangular Sample 39
2.4 Field Testing Studies of Hydraulic Fracturing 40
2.5 Model Testing Studies of Hydraulic Fracturing 41
2.6 Numerical Simulations of Hydraulic Fracturing 42
2.7 Analysis Method for Hydraulic Fracturing 45
2.8 Summary 46
References 47
3 Conditions and Mechanisms of Hydraulic Fracturing 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Conditions for Hydraulic Fracturing 52
3.2.1 Crack Located at the Upstream Face of Core 52
3.2.2 Low Permeability of Core Soil 55
3.2.3 Rapid Impounding 56
3.2.4 Unsaturated Soil Core 56
3.3 Mechanical Mechanism of Hydraulic Fracturing 61
3.4 Modes of Fracture in Fracture Mechanics 62
3.5 Summary 65
References 66
4 Fracture Toughness and Tensile Strength of Core Soil 69
4.1 Introduction 69
4.2 Tested Soil 71
4.3 Testing Technique on Fracture Toughness 72
4.3.1 Testing Method 72
4.3.2 Apparatus 73
4.3.3 Testing Procedures 75
4.3.4 Testing Program 76
4.4 Testing Results on Fracture Toughness 77
4.4.1 Suitability of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics 77
4.4.2 Influence Factors on Fracture Toughness 80
4.5 Testing Technique on Tensile Strength 82
4.5.1 Testing Method and Apparatus 84
4.5.2 Calculation of Tensile Strength 84
4.5.3 Testing Procedures 85
4.5.4 Testing Program 86
4.6 Testing Results on Tensile Strength 86
4.6.1 Water Content 86
4.6.2 Dry Density 88
4.6.3 Preconsolidation Pressure 89
4.7 Relationship between Fracture Toughness and Tensile Strength 89
4.8 Discussions 90
4.8.1 Soils from References 90
4.8.2 Rocks from References 93
4.9 Summary 94
References 95
5 Fracture Failure Criteria for Core Soil under I-II Mixed Modes 99
5.1 Introduction 99
5.2 Experimental Technique 101
5.2.1 Loading Assembly 102
5.2.2 Calculation Theory 102
5.2.3 Testing Procedures 104
5.2.4 Test Program 104
5.3 Testing Results 105
5.4 Fracture Failure Criteria 108
5.5 Discussions 111
5.5.1 Testing Technique 111
5.5.2 Failure Criteria 111
5.6 Summary 115
References 116
6 Hydraulic Fracturing Criterion 121
6.1 Introduction 121
6.2 Failure Criterion 121
6.2.1 Simplification of a Crack 122
6.2.2 Criterion 122
6.3 Cubic Speci
About the author
Jun-Jie Wang, PhD, Professor, National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, P.R. ChinaProfessor Wang achieved hisPhD in Geotechnical Engineering in 2005 from Hohai University, Nanjing, P. R. China.?He currently teaches in the following areas: Engineering Geology, Hydrogeology, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Seepage Mechanics, Rock Mechanics, and?Survey of Engineering Geology.? Professor Wang has written numerous journals papers on his subject and has patented many designs and inventions to assist in his research.
Summary
Presents a systematic and comprehensive study of hydraulic fracturing, original in its concentration of core soil problems There have been a number of well-studied cases in which dams have failed or been damaged by concentrated leaks for no apparent cause.
