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Vertical temperature profiles of the Venus atmosphere up to 80 km height were calculated in a time dependent model. A steady state of the atmospheric profiles was reached by numerical intergration from an arbitrary initial distribution of temperature by assuming some atmospheric parameters as surface pressure, planetary albedo etc. The time-rate-of-change of temperature was determined by the vertical divergence of the following fluxes: solar insolation, net infrared radiation of the atmosphere and the ground surface, and sensible heat. The radiation calculation was based on the absorption bands of carbon dioxide and water vapor from the near to the far infrared region of the spectrum. Absorption by clouds was taken into account in parameterized form. Atmospheric profiles were calculated as a function of water vapor content, height and absorptivity of the cloud layer, surface pressure, eddy diffusion coefficient, planetaryalbedo, latitude, and time of day. It appeared, that the lower layers of a pure carbon dioxide atmosphere are convective with an adiabatic lapse rate of temperature. The lapse rate of a carbon dioxide atmosphere with some additional water va por and thus strong absorption of solar energy is practically adiabatic due to the downward transport of sensible heat. Comparison with direct measurements indicates that the atmosphere below the c10ud level 4 is likely to contain water vapor. A mixing ratio of 10- is sufficient to explain the observed temperature profile.
List of contents
und Problemstellung.- Fakten und Voraussetzungen.- 2.1 Elemente der Umlaufbahn, Rotation und Dimension des Planeten Venus.- 2.2 Zusammensetzung der Atmosphäre.- 2.3 Wolken.- 2.4 Temperatur und Druck an der Oberfläche.- 2.5 Voraussetzungen.- Theorie.- 3.1 Strahlungsströme.- 3.2 Wärmetransport.- Absorptionsfunktionen.- 4.1 Absorptionsspektren von Kohlendioxid und Wasserdampf.- 4.2 Absorptionsmodelle.- 4.3 Auswertung der Absorptionsdaten.- 4.4 Berechnung der Absorptionsfunktionen.- 4.5 Temperatur- und Druckkorrektur.- 4.6 Absorption von Gasgemischen.- 4.7 Interpolations - und Extrapolationsverfahren.- Modell und Methode.- 5.1 Modell.- 5.2 Anfangsbedingungen.- 5.3 Randbedingungen.- 5.4 Rechenmethode.- Fehlerbetrachtung.- Ergebnisse.- 7.1 Wasserdampfgehalt.- 7.2 Wolken.- 7.3 Bodendruck, Diffusionskoeffizient, Albedo, Randbedingungen.- 7.4 Meridionale und tageszeitliche Temperaturunterschiede.- Vergleich mit anderen Ergebnissen.- Allgemeine Zirkulation der Venusatmosphäre.- Zusammenfassung.- Summary.- Symbole und Abkürzungen.
