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As the range of feedstocks, process technologies and products expand, biorefineries will become increasingly complex manufacturing systems. Biorefineries and Chemical Processes: Design, Integration and Sustainability Analysis presents process modelling and integration, and whole system life cycle analysis tools for the synthesis, design, operation and sustainable development of biorefinery and chemical processes.
Topics covered include:
Introduction: An introduction to the concept and development of biorefineries.
Tools: Included here are the methods for detailed economic and environmental impact analyses; combined economic value and environmental impact analysis; life cycle assessment (LCA); multi-criteria analysis; heat integration and utility system design; mathematical programming based optimization and genetic algorithms.
Process synthesis and design: Focuses on modern unit operations and innovative process flowsheets. Discusses thermochemical and biochemical processing of biomass, production of chemicals and polymers from biomass, and processes for carbon dioxide capture.
Biorefinery systems: Presents biorefinery process synthesis using whole system analysis. Discusses bio-oil and algae biorefineries, integrated fuel cells and renewables, and heterogeneous catalytic reactors.
Companion website: Four case studies, additional exercises and examples are available online, together with three supplementary chapters which address waste and emission minimization, energy storage and control systems, and the optimization and reuse of water.
This textbook is designed to bridge a gap between engineering design and sustainability assessment, for advanced students and practicing process designers and engineers.
List of contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Authors xxi
CompanionWebsite xxiii
Nomenclature xxv
I INTRODUCTION 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 Fundamentals of the Biorefinery Concept 3
1.2 Biorefinery Features and Nomenclature 5
1.3 Biorefinery Feedstock: Biomass 7
1.4 Processes and Platforms 12
1.5 Biorefinery Products 15
1.6 Optimization of Preprocessing and Fractionation for Bio Based Manufacturing 18
1.7 Electrochemistry Application in Biorefineries 31
1.8 Introduction to Energy and Water Systems 34
1.9 Evaluating Biorefinery Performances 36
1.10 Chapters 38
1.11 Summary 38
References 39
II TOOLS 43
2 Economic Analysis 45
2.1 Introduction 45
2.2 General Economic Concepts and Terminology 46
2.3 Methodology 54
2.4 Cost Estimation and Correlation 55
2.5 Summary 59
2.6 Exercises 60
References 61
3 Heat Integration and Utility System Design 63
3.1 Introduction 63
3.2 Process Integration 64
3.3 Analysis of Heat Exchanger Network Using Pinch Technology 65
3.4 Utility System 83
3.5 Conceptual Design of Heat Recovery System for Cogeneration 88
3.6 Summary 91
References 91
4 Life Cycle Assessment 93
4.1 Life Cycle Thinking 93
4.2 Policy Context 96
4.3 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 96
4.4 LCA: Goal and Scope Definition 100
4.5 LCA: Inventory Analysis 104
4.6 LCA: Impact Assessment 111
4.7 LCA: Interpretation 128
4.8 LCIA Methods 130
4.9 Future R&D Needs 145
References 145
5 Data Uncertainty and Multicriteria Analyses 147
5.1 Data Uncertainty Analysis 147
5.2 Multicriteria Analysis 159
5.3 Summary 165
References 165
6 Value Analysis 167
6.1 Value on Processing (VOP) and Cost of Production (COP) of Process Network Streams 168
6.2 Value Analysis Heuristics 172
6.3 Stream Economic Profile 175
6.4 Concept of Boundary and Evaluation of Economic Margin of a Process Network 175
6.5 Stream Profitability Analysis 176
6.6 Summary 187
References 187
7 Combined Economic Value and Environmental Impact (EVEI) Analysis 189
7.1 Introduction 189
7.2 Equivalency Between Economic and Environmental Impact Concepts 190
7.3 Evaluation of Streams 196
7.4 Environmental Impact Profile 200
7.5 Product Economic Value and Environmental Impact (EVEI) Profile 201
7.6 Summary 204
References 205
8 Optimization 207
8.1 Introduction 207
8.2 Linear Optimization 208
8.3 Nonlinear Optimization 218
8.4 Mixed Integer Linear or Nonlinear Optimization 239
8.5 Stochastic Method 243
8.6 Summary 248
References 248
III PROCESS SYNTHESIS AND DESIGN 251
9 Generic Reactors: Thermochemical Processing of Biomass 253
9.1 Introduction 253
9.2 General Features of Thermochemical Conversion Processes 254
9.3 Combustion 257
9.4 Gasification 258
9.5 Pyrolysis 262
9.6 Summary 270
Exercises 270
References 270
10 Reaction Thermodynamics 271
10.1 Introduction 271
10.2 Fundamentals of Design Calculation 272
10.3 Process Design: Synthesis and Modeling 282
10.4
About the author
Jhuma Sadhukhan Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, UK
Kok Siew Ng Centre for Process Integration, The University of Manchester, UK
Elias Martinez H. Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey, UK
Summary
As the range of feedstocks, process technologies and products expand, biorefineries will become increasingly complex manufacturing systems. This book presents process modelling and integration, and whole system life cycle analysis tools for the synthesis, design, operation and sustainable development of biorefinery and chemical processes.
Report
"In conclusion, this book introduces the reader to the rapidly-developing industry of biorefineries, with a multi-disciplinary approach. It is a good resource for undergraduate and post-graduate students who want to learn about biorefineries; it can also be valuable for researchers who are looking to practically apply these analytical tools in their work." ( Green Process Synth , 4 February 2015)
