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The study of stereotyping and prejudice is a study of human nature, group mem bership, and intergroup relationships. It sheds light on each of these aspects of social psychology. With respect to the first two, it has been observed that since groups provide the best framework for satisfying various human needs, individuals continuously organize themselves in collectives. They belong to a variety of groups-many of which they voluntarily select and some to which they are ascribed. Group membership, therefore, is one of the most salient and important of an indi vidual's characteristics. The implication of this characteristic is that human beings not only constantly classify other people into group categories, either by identifying membership or constructing their own categories, but also judge and evaluate them on this basis. The stereotypes and prejudice are outcomes of this process. They are the beliefs and attitudes toward members of another group. In addition, the study of stereotyping and prejudice reflects an interest in inter group relationships. While we recognize that a discussion of intergroup relation ships may focus on behaviors describing actions such as confrontations, violence, wars, cooperation, alliance, negotiation, or coordination, we also believe that each of these intergroup behaviors is mediated by perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes. In the case of intergroup behaviors, the listed actions are not performed instinctively or mindlessly, but are preceded by cognitive processes which, among other outputs, involve the formation of stereotypes and prejudice toward the other group.
List of contents
I Introduction.- 1. Stereotype, Prejudice, and Discrimination: Changing Conceptions in Theory and Research.- II Formation of Stereotypes and Prejudice.- 2. A Cognitive Approach to Stereotyping.- 3. Illusory Correlations: Implications for Stereotype Theory and Research.- 4. Category-Based and Individuating Processes as a Function of Information and Motivation: Evidence from Our Laboratory.- 5. Stereotypes of Groups, Group Members, and Individuals in Categories: A Differential Analysis.- III Structure and Meaning of Stereotypes and Prejudice.- 6. Stereotypes and Dispositional Judgment.- 7. Values, Stereotypes, and Intergroup Antagonism.- 8. Delegitimization: The Extreme Case of Stereotyping and Prejudice.- 9. Discriminatory Speech Acts: A Functional Approach.- IV Change of Stereotypes and Prejudice.- 10. Changing Stereotypes with Disconfirming Information.- 11. Can Leaders Change Followers' Stereotypes?.- 12. Enhancing Intergroup Relations in Israel: A Differential Approach.- Author Index.
About the author
Daniel Bar-Tal is Professor of Social Psychology at the School of Education, Tel-Aviv University. He is the Coeditor in Chief of the Palestine Israel Journal, Director of the Walter Lebach Research Institute for Jewish-Arab Coexistence Through Education, and Co-Director of the European Summer Institute in Political Psychology.
Wolfgang Stroebe has taught social psychology at universities in the UK, Germany and the USA and is now Professor of Social Psychology at the University of Utrecht. He has authored or co-authored five books and more than a hundred scientific articles and chapters on topics of social and health psychology.
