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tions is not possible without first putting the problem into a wider con text. Consequently, before proceeding with detailed critical topical cov erage of individual biomass energy sources, uses, and effects, I will extend this preface with a few pages of rather personal reflections (I will use the same device in closing the book: after providing concise topical summaries in Chapter 8, I will conclude with some essayistic musings on renewable energetics, plants, people, and a scientist's responsibility). Interest in biomass energies is just a part of a broader global trend toward renewable energetics, a trend which has evolved speedily after the crude oil price escalation started in 1973. Yet one must be reminded that for the rich countries fossil fuels are, and for a long period shall remain, the foundation of an affluent civilization, while throughout the poor world the reliance of most people on biomass energies for everyday subsistence has brought many damaging environmental and social ef fects; that the reality of sharp price rises for crude oil (actually not so sharp once adjusted for inflation) should not be misconstrued as an "energy crisis"; that the rise of renew abies and the claims made on their behalf by countless enthusiasts look so much better on paper than in reality; and that the potential of biomass energies, an essential ingre dient of renewable scenarios, has been judged more with proselytizing zeal than with critical detachment.
List of contents
One: Biomass.- 1.1. Radiation and Photosynthesis.- 1.2. Primary Production and Biomass.- 1.2.1. Productivities of Ecosystems and Plants.- 1.2.2. Limits to Biomass Energy Supply.- 1.2.3. Biomass.- Two: Forests.- 2.1. Resources.- 2.2. Wood for Energy.- Three: Trees for Energy.- 3.1. Silviculture.- 3.2. Requirements and Effects.- Four: Crop Residues.- 4.1. Kinds and Quantities.- 4.2. Uses.- 4.3. Environmental Problems and Benefits.- 4.4. Residues for Energy Conversion.- 4.5. Crop By-products.- Five: Fuel Crops.- 5.1. Sugar Crops and Grain.- 5.2. Cassava.- 5.3. Other Crops.- 5.4. Implications and Consequences.- Six: Aquatic Plants.- 6.1. Freshwater Plants.- 6.2. Ocean Algae.- Seven: Animal and Human Wastes.- 7.1. Animal Wastes.- 7.2. Human Wastes.- 7.3. Anaerobic Fermentation.- 7.4. Chinese Biogas Generation.- Eight: Summaries.- 8.1. On the Renewables in General.- 8.2. Chapter Overviews.- Nine: Reflections.- 9.1. On Myths and Uncertainties.- 9.2. On Plants, Humans, and Homeostasis.- References.
