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This book is based in large part on fieldwork that I conducted in Brittany and Wales in 1983 and 1985. I am thankful for a Fulbright Award for Research in Western Europe and a Faculty Development Award from the University of North Carolina that funded that fieldwork. lowe a less tangible, but no less real, debt to Steve Anderson, G. M. Awbery, Steve Harlow and Jim McCloskey whose work initially sparked my interest, and led me to undertake this project. I want to thank Joe Emonds and Alec Marantz who read portions of Chapter 3 and 5. I am particularly grateful though to Kathleen Flanagan, Frank Heny and two anonymous referees who read a dyslexic and schizophrenic manuscript, providing me with criticisms that improved this final version considerably. The Welsh nationalist community in Aberstwyth and its Breton coun terpart in Quimper helped make the time I spent in Wales and Brittany productive. I am indebted to Thomas Davies, Partick Favreau, Lukian Kergoat, Sue Rhys, John Williams and Beatrice among others for sharing their knowledge of their languages with me. Catrin Davies and Martial Menard were especially patient and helpful. Without their assistance this work would have been infinitely poorer. I am hopeful that this book will help stimulate more interest in the Celtic languages and culture, and assist, even in a small way, those in Wales and Brittany who struggle to keep their language and culture strong.
List of contents
1 Introduction.- 1.1. The Descriptive and Theoretical Goals.- 1.2. An Overview of Government Binding Theory.- 1.3. An Overview of the Major Results of This Study.- 2 Celtic Agreement, the Avoid Pronoun Principle, and Binding Theory.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Breton Agreement Markers Determined by the Avoid Pronoun Principle.- 2.3. Generalizing the Analysis of Breton Agreement to Welsh.- 2.4. Evidence from the Binding Theory: Breton and Welsh Have a Null AGR.- 2.5. AGR as a SUBJECT for the Binding Theory.- 3 Raising and Passivization in Breton: An Argument for Anaphoric Traces.- 3.1. The Theoretical Status of Anaphoric Traces.- 3.2. The Breton Raising to Subject Construction.- 3.3. Raising Structures Parallel Passive Structures.- 3.4. Breton Raising and Pseudopassive: Further Implications.- 3.5. Conclusion.- 4 PRO-INFL and Reduced Structures.- 4.1. Reduced Structures Have Missing INFLs.- 4.2. Some INFLs Missing in Welsh and English Are PRO-INFL.- 4.3. Corroborating Evidence for the PRO-INFL Analysis.- 4.4. Contraction and Reduced Structures.- 4.5. A Competing Analysis.- 4.6. Breton is Consistent with the PRO-INFL Analysis.- 5 Government and the Connection Between Relative Pronouns, Complementizers and Subjacency.- 5.1. Introduction.- 5.2. Relative Pronouns in English.- 5.3. Relative Pronouns Are Pronominal Anaphors.- 5.4. Welsh and Breton Lack Relative Pronouns.- 5.5. Competing Analyses and Other Arguments.- 5.6. Conclusion.- 6 The Interaction of Government Theory with Synthetic Agreement.- 6.1. Introduction.- 6.2. The ECP Gives a Unified Treatment of Complementizers and Agreement in Welsh Movement Structures.- 6.3. Two Asymmetries in Breton and Welsh Extraction.- 6.4. Welsh and Breton Extraction from Negatives.- 6.5. Competing Analyses and Arguments.- 6.6. Subject-Object Asymmetries at LF and the ECP.- 6.7. Conclusion.- References.- Index of Languages.- Index of Names.
