Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering - From Source to Fragility

Informationen zum Autor Amr S. Elnashai Pennsylvania State University, USALuigi Di Sarno University of Sannio, Italy Klappentext Fundamentals of Earthquake Engineering: From Source to Fragility, Second Edition combines aspects of engineering seismology, structural and geotechnical earthquake engineering to assemble the vital components required for a deep understanding of the response of structures to earthquake ground motion, from the seismic source to the evaluation of actions and deformation required for design, and culminating with probabilistic fragility analysis that applies to individual as well as groups of buildings. Basic concepts accounting for the effects of soil-structure interactions in seismic design and assessment are also provided in this second edition.The nature of earthquake risk assessment is inherently multidisciplinary. While this book addresses only structural safety assessment and design, the problem is cast in its appropriate context by relating structural damage states to societal consequences and expectations, through the fundamental response quantities of stiffness, strength and ductility.This new edition includes material on the nature of earthquake sources and mechanisms, various methods for the characterisation of earthquake input motion, effects of soil-structure interaction, damage observed in reconnaissance missions, modelling of structures for the purposes of response simulation, definition of performance limit states, fragility relationships derivation, features and effects of underlying soil, structural and architectural systems for optimal seismic response, and action and deformation quantities suitable for design.Key features:* Unified and novel approach: from source to fragility* Clear conceptual framework for structural response analysis, earthquake input characterisation, modelling of soil-structure interaction and derivation of fragility functions* Theory and relevant practical applications are merged within each chapter* Contains a new chapter on the derivation of fragility* Accompanied by a website containing illustrative slides, problems with solutions and worked-through examplesFundamentals of Earthquake Engineering: From Source to Fragility, Second Edition is designed to support graduate teaching and learning, introduce practising structural and geotechnical engineers to earthquake analysis and design problems, as well as being a reference book for further studies. Zusammenfassung Combines aspects of engineering seismology, structural and geotechnical earthquake engineering to assemble the vital components required for a deep understanding of response of structures to earthquake ground motion: from the seismic source to the evaluation of actions and deformation required for design. Inhaltsverzeichnis Preface xiForeword xiiAcknowledgements xiiiIntroduction xivList of Abbreviations xixList of Symbols xxii1 Earthquake Characteristics 11.1 Causes of Earthquakes 11.1.1 Plate Tectonics Theory 11.1.2 Faulting 71.1.3 Seismic Waves 111.2 Measuring Earthquakes 171.2.1 Intensity 171.2.2 Magnitude 211.2.3 Intensity-Magnitude Relationships 261.3 Source?]to?]Site Effects 291.3.1 Directional Effects 301.3.2 Site Effects 321.3.3 Dispersion and Incoherence 351.4 Effects of Earthquakes 361.4.1 Damage to Buildings and Lifelines 391.4.2 Effects on the Ground 411.4.2.1 Surface Rupture 431.4.2.2 Settlement and Uplift 431.4.2.3 Liquefaction 441.4.2.4 Landslides 441.4.3 Human and Financial Losses 47References 512 Response of Structures 542.1 General 542.2 Conceptual Framework 552.2.1 Definitions 552.2.2 Strength?] versus Ductility?]Based Response 562.2.3 Member?] versus System?]Level Consideration 582.2.4 Nature of Seismic Effects 602.2.5 Fundamental Response Quantities 602.2.6 Social and Economic Limit States 622.3 Structural Response Characteristics 632.3.1 Stiffness...

List of contents

Preface xi
 
Foreword xii
 
Acknowledgements xiii
 
Introduction xiv
 
List of Abbreviations xix
 
List of Symbols xxii
 
1 Earthquake Characteristics 1
 
1.1 Causes of Earthquakes 1
 
1.1.1 Plate Tectonics Theory 1
 
1.1.2 Faulting 7
 
1.1.3 Seismic Waves 11
 
1.2 Measuring Earthquakes 17
 
1.2.1 Intensity 17
 
1.2.2 Magnitude 21
 
1.2.3 Intensity-Magnitude Relationships 26
 
1.3 Source?]to?]Site Effects 29
 
1.3.1 Directional Effects 30
 
1.3.2 Site Effects 32
 
1.3.3 Dispersion and Incoherence 35
 
1.4 Effects of Earthquakes 36
 
1.4.1 Damage to Buildings and Lifelines 39
 
1.4.2 Effects on the Ground 41
 
1.4.2.1 Surface Rupture 43
 
1.4.2.2 Settlement and Uplift 43
 
1.4.2.3 Liquefaction 44
 
1.4.2.4 Landslides 44
 
1.4.3 Human and Financial Losses 47
 
References 51
 
2 Response of Structures 54
 
2.1 General 54
 
2.2 Conceptual Framework 55
 
2.2.1 Definitions 55
 
2.2.2 Strength?] versus Ductility?]Based Response 56
 
2.2.3 Member?] versus System?]Level Consideration 58
 
2.2.4 Nature of Seismic Effects 60
 
2.2.5 Fundamental Response Quantities 60
 
2.2.6 Social and Economic Limit States 62
 
2.3 Structural Response Characteristics 63
 
2.3.1 Stiffness 63
 
2.3.1.1 Factors Influencing Stiffness 65
 
2.3.1.2 Effects on Action and Deformation Distributions 71
 
2.3.1.3 Non?]structural Damage Control 80
 
2.3.2 Strength 82
 
2.3.2.1 Factors Influencing Strength 84
 
2.3.2.2 Effects on Load Path 90
 
2.3.2.3 Structural Damage Control 94
 
2.3.3 Ductility 97
 
2.3.3.1 Factors Influencing Ductility 100
 
2.3.3.2 Effects on Action Redistribution 111
 
2.3.3.3 Structural Collapse Prevention 113
 
2.3.4 Overstrength 116
 
2.3.5 Damping 122
 
2.3.6 Relationship between Strength, Overstrength and Ductility: Force Reduction Factor 'Supply' 128
 
References 132
 
3 Earthquake Input Motion 136
 
3.1 General 136
 
3.2 Earthquake Occurrence and Return Period 136
 
3.3 Ground?]Motion Models (Attenuation Relationships) 140
 
3.3.1 Features of Strong?]Motion Data for Attenuation Relationships 143
 
3.3.2 Attenuation Relationship for Europe 144
 
3.3.3 Attenuation Relationship for Japan 145
 
3.3.4 Attenuation Relationships for North America 146
 
3.3.4.1 Central and Eastern United States 146
 
3.3.4.2 Western North America 147
 
3.3.5 Worldwide Attenuation Relationships 148
 
3.4 Earthquake Spectra 149
 
3.4.1 Factors Influencing Response Spectra 149
 
3.4.2 Elastic and Inelastic Spectra 151
 
3.4.3 Simplified Spectra 158
 
3.4.3.1 Spectra from Attenuation Relationships 159
 
3.4.3.2 Spectra from Ground?]Motion Parameters 165
 
3.4.4 Force Reduction Factors (Demand) 167
 
3.4.4.1 Newmark and Hall (1982) 168
 
3.4.4.2 Krawinkler and Nassar (1992) 169
 
3.4.4.3 Miranda and Bertero (1994) 169
 
3.4.4.4 Vidic et al. (1994) 170
 
3.4.4.5 Borzi and Elnashai (2000) 171
 
3.4.4.6 Comparison between Response Modification Factor Models 173
 
3.4.5 Design Spectra 174
 
3.4.6 Vertical Component of Ground Motion 176
 
3.4.7 Vertical Motion Spectra 178
 
3.5 Earthquake Records 180
 
3.5.1 Natural Records 180
 
3.5.1.1 Regional Differences 180
 

Product details

• Authors: Di Sarno, Luigi Di Sarno, Elnashai, Amr Elnashai, Amr S Elnashai, Amr S. Elnashai, Amr S. (University of Illinois At Urbana Elnashai, Amr S. Di Sarno Elnashai, Amr S. Sarno Elnashai, Elnashai Amr S., Luigi Di Sarno
• Publisher: Wiley, John and Sons Ltd
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 18.09.2015
• EAN: 9781118678923
• ISBN: 978-1-118-67892-3
• No. of pages: 496
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Physics, astronomy > Mechanics, acoustics; Maschinenbau, Earthquake, Mechanical Engineering, Bauingenieur- u. Bauwesen, Civil Engineering & Construction, Tief- u. Hochbau / Massivbau, Spezialthemen Maschinenbau, Mechanical Engineering Special Topics, Structural & Building Engineering, Erdbebensicherung, Erdbebensicherheit