Read more
State-of-the-Art Chirality Stereochemistry in general and chirality in particular have long been recog nized as major structural factors influencing pharmacological activity and pharmacokinetic behavior. For more than a century, relevant information in these fields has been accumulating at an accelerating pace, leading to rationalizations, concepts and theories of increasing breadth and depth. Frequently, fundamental advances in stereochemical aspects of molecular pharmacology, drug disposition and pharmacochemistry have been translated into corresponding progress in clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapy. There have been exceptions, however, since some extrapolations from the biochemical and in vitro situations to the in vivo human situation have proven premature. This notion resulted in the now appeased, but far from closed, debate regarding racemic versus enantiopure drugs, which saw some pro ponents state that "in many cases, only one isomer contributes to the thera peutic action while the other, the 'isomeric ballast', only contributes to the side effects and toxicity" (ARIENS 1986,1989,1992). Other authors, in contrast, have cautioned against hasty generalizations and advocated a more pragmatic, case by-case and evidence-based view (CALDWELL 1995; DE CAMP 1989; SZELENYI et al. 1998; TESTA 1991; TESTA and TRAGER 1990; TESTA et al. 1993).
List of contents
Chemical Aspects.- 1 Recent Developments in Asymmetric Organic Synthesis: Principles and Examples.- 2 Stereoselective Separations: Recent Advances in Capillary Electrophoresis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.- 3 Stereochemical Issues in Bioactive Natural Products.- 4 Drug Racemization and Its Significance in Pharmaceutical Research.- 5 Physical Properties and Crystal Structures of Chiral Drugs.- Experimental Pharmacology.- 6 Chiral Recognition in Biochemical Pharmacology: An Overview.- 7 Enantioselectivity in Drug-Receptor Interactions.- 8 Mechanisms of Stereoselective Binding to Functional Proteins.- 9 Stereoselective Drug-Channel Interactions.- 10 Stereoselective Bioactivation and Bioinactivation - Toxicological Aspects.- Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination.- 11 Intestinal Drug Transport: Stereochemical Aspects.- 12 Enantioselective Plasma and Tissue Binding.- 13 Stereoselective Drug Metabolism and Drug Interactions.- 14 Metabolic Chiral Inversion of 2-Arylpropionic Acids.- 15 Stereoselective Renal Elimination.- Implications for Drug Development and Therapy.- 16 Regulatory Requirements for the Development of Chirally Active Drugs.- 17 Improving Clinical Risk/Benefit Through Stereochemistry.
Summary
This book aims to guide and inspire drug researchers as they enter the 21st century. Stereochemistry is an essential dimension in pharmacology and should be understood as such by all drug researchers whatever their background. When used as probes or as medicines, stereoisomeric drugs offer invaluable pharmacological insights or innovative therapeutic strategies.
