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"It is universally agreed that the era of cheap fossil oil is going to be over soon. Offering timely solutions to our current energy crisis, Bioprocessing of Renewable Resources to Commodity Bioproducts addresses the latest genetic and metabolic engineering approaches towards the development of recombinant microorganisms for the production of commodity byproducts. Suitable for researchers, practitioners, students, and consultants, the text provides a unique perspective to the industry about the scientific problems and their possible solutions in making a bioprocess work for commercial production of these commodity byproducts"--
List of contents
PREFACE xv
CONTRIBUTORS xix
PART I ENABLING PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
1 Biorefineries--Concepts for Sustainability 3
Michael Sauer, Matthias Steiger, Diethard Mattanovich, and Hans Marx
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Three Levels for Biomass Use 5
1.3 The Sustainable Removal of Biomass from the Field is Crucial for a Successful Biorefinery 7
1.4 Making Order: Classification of Biorefineries 8
1.5 Quantities of Sustainably Available Biomass 10
1.6 Quantification of Sustainability 11
1.7 Starch- and Sugar-Based Biorefinery 12
1.8 Oilseed Crops 14
1.9 Lignocellulosic Feedstock 16
1.10 Green Biorefinery 19
1.11 Microalgae 20
1.12 Future Prospects--Aiming for Higher Value from Biomass 21
References 24
2 Biomass Logistics 29
Kevin L. Kenney, J. Richard Hess, Nathan A. Stevens, William A. Smith, Ian J. Bonner, and David J. Muth
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2 Method of Assessing Uncertainty, Sensitivity, and Influence of Feedstock Logistic System Parameters 31
2.3 Understanding Uncertainty in the Context of Feedstock Logistics 36
2.4 Future Prospects 40
2.5 Financial Disclosure/Acknowledgments 40
References 41
3 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials 43
Karthik Rajendran and Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
3.1 Introduction 44
3.2 Complexity of Lignocelluloses 45
3.3 Challenges in Pretreatment of Lignocelluloses 52
3.4 Pretreatment Methods and Mechanisms 53
3.5 Economic Outlook 64
3.6 Future Prospects 67
References 68
4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass 77
Jonathan J. Stickel, Roman Brunecky, Richard T. Elander, and James D. McMillan
4.1 Introduction 78
4.2 Cellulase, Hemicellulase, and Accessory Enzyme Systems and Their Synergistic Action on Lignocellulosic Biomass 79
4.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis at High Concentrations of Biomass Solids 83
4.4 Mechanistic Process Modeling and Simulation 88
4.5 Considerations for Process Integration and Economic Viability 91
4.6 Economic Outlook 95
4.7 Future Prospects 96
Acknowledgments 97
References 97
5 Production of Cellulolytic Enzymes 105
Ranjita Biswas, Abhishek Persad, and Virendra S. Bisaria
5.1 Introduction 106
5.2 Hydrolytic Enzymes for Digestion of Lignocelluloses 107
5.3 Desirable Attributes of Cellulase for Hydrolysis of Cellulose 109
5.4 Strategies Used for Enhanced Enzyme Production 110
5.5 Economic Outlook 123
5.6 Future Prospects 123
References 124
6 Bioprocessing Technologies 133
Gopal Chotani, Caroline Peres, Alexandra Schuler, and Peyman Moslemy
6.1 Introduction 134
6.2 Cell Factory Platform 136
6.3 Fermentation Process 142
6.4 Recovery Process 147
6.5 Formulation Process 153
6.6 Final Product Blends 161
6.7 Economic Outlook and Future Prospects 162
Acknowledgment 163
Nomenclature 163
References 163
PART II SPECIFIC COMMODITY BIOPRODUCTS
7 Ethanol from Bacteria 169
Hideshi Yanase
7.1 Introduction 170
7.2 Heteroethanologenic Bacteria 172
7.3 Homoethanologenic Bacteria 183
7.4 Economic Outlook 191
7.5 Future Prospects 192
References 193
8 Ethanol Production from Yeasts 201
Tomohisa Hasunuma, Ryosuke Yamada, and Akihiko Kondo
8.1 Introduction 202
8.2 Ethanol Production
About the author
Virendra S. Bisaria is Professor in the Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology at the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India. He has published more than 100 original papers, 10 reviews and 15 book chapters. He is Editor of the Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Elsevier) and is on the editorial boards of Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (Wiley) and Process Biochemistry (Elsevier). He was one of the International collaborators to recommend assay procedures for cellulase and xylanase activities on behalf of Commission on Biotechnology, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. His awards include the Research Exchange Award from the Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering and fellowships from UNESCO and UNDP etc. He is Vice President of Asian Federation of Biotechnology from India.
Akihiko Kondo is Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Director of Biorefinery Center at Kobe University, Kobe, Japan. He is Team Leader, Biomass Engineering Program, RIKEN. He has published more than 330 original papers, 75 reviews and 55 book chapters. He is Editor of Journal of Biotechnology (Elsevier), Associate Editor of Biochemical Engineering Journal (Elsevier) and is on the editorial boards of Biotechnology for Biofuels (Springer), Bioresource Technology (Elsevier), Journal of Biological Engineering (Springer) and FEMS Yeast Research (Wiley). He has won numerous awards which include the Advanced Technology Award by Fuji Sankei Business and Takeda International Contributions Award by Takeda Pharmaceuticals.
Summary
This book provides the vision of a successful biorefinery the lignocelluloic biomass needs to be efficiently converted to its constituent monomers, comprising mainly of sugars such as glucose, xylose, mannose and arabinose.
