Turbulent Multiphase Flows with Heat and Mass Transfer

Numerous industrial systems or natural environments involve multiphase flows with heat and mass transfer. The authors of this book present the physical modeling of these flows, in a unified way, which can include various physical aspects and several levels of complexity.
Thermal engineering and nuclear reactors; the extraction and transport of petroleum products; diesel and rocket engines; chemical engineering reactors and fluidized beds; smoke or aerosol dispersion; landslides and avalanches - the modeling of multiphase flows with heat and mass transfer for all these situations can be developed following a common methodology. This book is devoted to the description of the mathematical bases of how to incorporate adequate physical ingredients in agreement with known experimental facts and how to make the model evolve according to the required complexity.
 
Contents
 
Part 1. Approach and General Equations
1. Towards a Unified Description of Multiphase Flows.
2. Instant Equations for a Piecewise Continuous Medium.
3. Description of a "Mean Multiphase Medium".
4. Equations for the Mean Continuous Medium.
Part 2. Modeling: A Single Approach Adaptable to Multiple Applications
5. The Modeling of Interphase Exchanges.
6. Modeling Turbulent Dispersion Fluxes.
7. Modeling the Mean Gas-Liquid Interface Area per Unit Volume.
8. "Large Eddy Simulation" Style Models.
9. Contribution of Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes.
10. Experimental Methods.
11. Some Experimental Results Pertaining to Multiphase Flow Properties that Are Still Little Understood.
Part 3. From Fluidized Beds to Granular Media
12. Fluidized Beds.
13. Generalizations for Granular Media.
14. Modeling of Cauchy Tensor of Sliding Contacts.
15. Modeling the Kinetic Cauchy Stress Tensor.
Part 4. Studying Fluctuations and Probability Densities
16. Fluctuations of the Gas Phase in Reactive Two-Phase Media.
17. Temperature Fluctuations in Condensed Phases.
18. Study of the PDF for Velocity Fluctuations and Sizes of Parcels.
 
About the Authors
 
Roland Borghi is Professor Emeritus at Ecole Centrale Marseille in France and works as a consultant in the space, petrol and automobile sectors. His research activities cover fluid mechanics, combustion and flames, and multi-phase and granular flows. He was a member of the CNRS scientific committee and a laureate of the French Academy of Science.
Fabien Anselmet is Professor at Ecole Centrale Marseille in France. His research activities focus on the turbulence of fluids and its varied applications in industry and in fields linked to the environment. With a unified, didactic style, this text presents tangible models of multiphase flows with heat and mass transfer with attention to various levels of complexities. It addresses thermal engineering and nuclear reactors, extraction and transport of petroleum products, diesel engines and rocket engines, chemical engineering reactors and fluidized beds, smoke or aerosol dispersion, and landslides and avalanches. Engineers, researchers, and scientists will appreciate the discussions of modeling principles, flows and granular media, and fluctuations around averages.

List of contents

Acknowledgments xi
 
Introduction xiii
 
PART 1. APPROACH AND GENERAL EQUATIONS 1
 
Chapter 1. Towards a Unified Description of Multiphase Flows 3
 
1.1. Continuous approach and kinetic approach 3
 
1.2. Eulerian-Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations 7
 
Chapter 2. Instant Equations for a Piecewise Continuous Medium 9
 
2.1. Integral and differential forms of balance equations 10
 
2.2. Phase mass balance equations in a piecewise continuous medium 13
 
2.3. Momentum balances 17
 
2.4. Energy balances 21
 
2.5. Position and interface area balance equations 23
 
2.6. Extension for a fluid phase that is a mixture 25
 
2.7. Completing the description of the medium 27
 
Chapter 3. Description of a "Mean Multiphase Medium" 29
 
3.1. The need for a mean description 29
 
3.2. How are mean values defined? 31
 
3.2.1. Temporal average 31
 
3.2.2. Volumetric average 32
 
3.2.3. Statistical average 34
 
3.2.4. Filtered average 35
 
3.3. Which average to choose, according to their advantages and disadvantages? 37
 
Chapter 4. Equations for the Mean Continuous Medium 39
 
4.1. Global balance equations for the mean medium 39
 
4.1.1. Total mass 39
 
4.1.2. Total momentum 40
 
4.1.3. Total energy 41
 
4.2. Balance equations for the phases of a mean medium 42
 
4.2.1. Phase mass 43
 
4.2.2. Phase momentum 44
 
4.2.3. Energies of each phase 47
 
4.2.4. Phase volume 49
 
4.3. Complete representation of the mean medium 49
 
4.3.1. Global representation 50
 
4.3.2. Multifluid representation 51
 
4.4. Mean equations of state 55
 
4.5. Extensions 58
 
4.5.1. Extension when a fluid phase is a mixture 58
 
4.5.2. Extension for dispersed media 59
 
4.6. Boundary conditions 61
 
PART 2. MODELING: A SINGLE APPROACH ADAPTABLE TO MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS 67
 
Chapter 5. The Modeling of Interphase Exchanges 69
 
5.1. General methodology 69
 
5.2. Interface between phases and its mean area per unit of volume 71
 
5.2.1. Case of a suspension of liquid or solid particles 71
 
5.2.2. Case of a medium containing parcels of variable shapes and sizes 72
 
5.2.3. Case of a suspension of particles of constant and known sizes 74
 
5.3. Forces of contact and friction between phases 75
 
5.3.1. Pressure forces on spherical particles in a non-viscous flow 76
 
5.3.2. Friction on solid particles in steady flow 80
 
5.3.3. Slightly curved liquid-gas interfaces 87
 
5.3.4. Drops or bubbles 93
 
5.4. Heat transfers at the surface of a particle, without mass exchange 96
 
5.5. Heat and mass transfers during boiling 99
 
5.5.1. Slightly curved liquid-gas interfaces 99
 
5.5.2. Bubbles 105
 
5.6. Mass and heat exchanges by vaporization 107
 
5.6.1. Mass transfer by evaporation at a flat interface 107
 
5.6.2. Evaporation of a drop 113
 
5.6.3. Combustion of a drop 117
 
Chapter 6. Modeling Turbulent Dispersion Fluxes 119
 
6.1. Global modeling 119
 
6.1.1. General information 119
 
6.1.2. Kinetic energy of the "global fluctuations" 123
 
6.1.3. Modeling the kinetic energy of the fluctuations 128
 
6.1.4. Length scales for fluctuations and time scale for the dissipation of kinetic energy of fluctuations 132
 
6.1.5. Further studies on the dispersion flux of a phase 137
 
6.2. "Multifluid" modeling 147
 
6.2.1. The kinetic energy of the fluctuations

About the author

Roland Borghi is Professor Emeritus at Ecole Centrale Marseille, France. Fabien Anselmet is Professor at Ecole Centrale Marseille, France.

Summary

Numerous industrial systems or natural environments involve multiphase flows with heat and mass transfer. The authors of this book present the physical modeling of these flows, in a unified way, which can include various physical aspects and several levels of complexity.

Product details

• Authors: Fabien Anselmet, Rolan Borghi, Roland Borghi, Roland Borghi
• Publisher: Wiley & Sons
• Languages: English
• Product format: Hardback
• Released: 16.01.2014
• EAN: 9781848216174
• ISBN: 978-1-84821-617-4
• No. of pages: 468
• Dimensions: 150 mm x 250 mm x 15 mm
• Weight: 666 g
• Series: ISTE; Fluid Mechanics; ISTE; Fluid Mechanics
• Subjects: Natural sciences, medicine, IT, technology > Physics, astronomy > Mechanics, acoustics; Science, SCIENCE / Mechanics / General