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"Proper engineering and execution of aeration control systems is of prime importance to treatment plants, representing a significant savings in labor and energy costs. Taking an integrated, cross-disciplinary approach to this critical process, Aeration Control System Design comprehensively addresses the concept and system design of aeration activated wastewater treatment. Covering complete treatment of aeration system controls, processes, and instrumentation, this hands-on text provides civil and environmental engineers, mechanical engineers, and electrical/instrumentation engineers with theoretical and mathematical treatment of case histories, complete with design procedures and analysis methodology"--
List of contents
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
List of Figures xv
List of Tables xxi
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Basic Concepts and Objectives / 2
1.2 Safety / 9
1.3 The Importance of an Integrated Approach / 10
1.4 Importance of Operator Involvement / 13
1.5 The Benefits of Successful Aeration Process Automation / 14
Example Problems / 19
2 Initial System Assessment 21
2.1 Define Current Operations / 24
2.2 Evaluate Process and Equipment / 37
2.3 Benchmark Performance / 40
2.4 Estimate Potential Energy Savings and Performance Improvement / 42
2.5 Prepare Report / 45
Example Problems / 47
3 Aeration Processes 49
3.1 Process Fundamentals / 49
3.2 Loading Variations and Their Implications / 68
3.3 Process Limitations and Their Impact on Control Systems / 70
Example Problems / 74
4 Mechanical and Diffused Aeration Systems 77
4.1 Oxygen Transfer Basics / 78
4.2 Types of Aerators / 87
4.3 Savings Determinations / 106
Example Problems / 111
5 Blowers and Blower Control 113
5.1 Common Application and Selection Concerns / 114
5.2 Positive Displacement Blowers and Control Characteristics / 134
5.3 Dynamic Blowers / 143
Example Problems / 157
6 Piping Systems 161
6.1 Design Considerations / 162
6.2 Pressure Drop / 178
6.3 Control Valve Selection / 182
Example Problems / 187
7 Instrumentation 191
7.1 Common Characteristics and Electrical Design Considerations / 192
7.2 Pressure / 202
7.3 Temperature / 205
7.4 Flow / 209
7.5 Analytic Instruments / 216
7.6 Motor Monitoring and Electrical Measurements / 224
7.7 Miscellaneous / 226
Example Problems / 230
8 Final Control Elements 233
8.1 Valve Operators / 234
8.2 Guide Vanes / 238
8.3 Motor Basics / 239
8.4 Motor Control / 247
8.5 Variable Frequency Drives / 251
Example Problems / 259
9 Control Loops and Algorithms 261
9.1 Control Fundamentals / 264
9.2 Dissolved Oxygen Control / 280
9.3 Aeration Basin Air Flow Control / 287
9.4 Pressure Control / 288
9.5 Most-Open-Valve Control / 291
9.6 Blower Control and Coordination / 293
9.7 Control Loop Timing Considerations / 302
9.8 Miscellaneous Controls / 303
Example Problems / 305
10 Control Components 309
10.1 Programmable Logic Controllers / 310
10.2 Distributed Control Systems / 323
10.3 Human Machine Interfaces / 323
10.4 Control Panel Design Considerations / 328
Example Problems / 330
11 Documentation 333
11.1 Specification Considerations / 335
11.2 Data Lists / 338
11.3 Process and Instrumentation Diagrams / 341
11.4 Ladder and Loop Diagrams / 342
11.5 One-Line Diagrams / 344
11.6 Installation Drawings / 345
11.7 Loop Descriptions / 347
11.8 Operation and Maintenance Manuals / 348
Example Problems / 349
12 Commissioning 351
12.1 Inspection / 354
12.2 Testing / 357
12.3 Tuning / 361
12.4 Training / 365
12.5 Measurement and Verification of Results / 368
Example Problems / 369
13 Summary 371
13.1 Review of Integrated Design Procedure / 371
