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Informationen zum Autor Hiroshi Ashihara, Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan. Alan Crozier, Plant Products and Human Nutrition Group, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Atsushi Komamine, Kihara Instutute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan. Klappentext Various plant metabolites are useful for human life, and the induction and reduction of these metabolites using modern biotechnical technique is of enormous potential important especially in the fields of agriculture and health. Plant Metabolism and Biotechnology describes the biosynthetic pathways of plant metabolites, their function in plants, and some applications for biotechnology. Topics covered include: biosynthesis and metabolism of starch and sugars lipid biosynthesis symbiotic nitrogen fixation sulfur metabolism nucleotide metabolism purine alkaloid metabolism nicotine biosynthesis terpenoid biosynthesis benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis monoterpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis flavonoid biosynthesis pigment biosynthesis: anthocyanins, betacyanins and carotenoids metabolomics in biotechnology Plant Metabolism and Biotechnology is an essential guide to this important field for researchers and students of biochemistry, plant biology, metabolic engineering, biotechnology, food science, agriculture, and medicine. Zusammenfassung Various plant metabolites are useful for human life! and the induction and reduction of these metabolites using modern biotechnical technique is of enormous potential important especially in the fields of agriculture and health. Inhaltsverzeichnis List of Contributors xiii Preface xv 1 Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Starch and Sugars 1 Frederik Börnke and Sophia Sonnewald 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Carbon Partitioning in Mesophyll Cells 2 1.3 Sucrose Biosynthesis in Source Leaves 3 1.4 Starch Metabolism in Source Leaves 7 1.5 Sucrose to Starch Conversion in Storage Organs 12 1.6 Metabolic Engineering of Carbohydrate Metabolism 14 1.7 Engineering Soluble Sugars 16 1.8 Production of Novel Carbohydrates in Transgenic Plants 17 1.9 Network Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism 18 Acknowledgements 19 References 19 2 Lipid Biosynthesis 27 David Hildebrand 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Fatty Acid Synthesis 29 2.3 Fatty Acid Desaturases 32 2.4 Lipid Signals 38 2.5 Algae 38 2.6 Membrane Synthesis 39 2.7 TAG Biosynthesis 43 2.8 Genetic Engineering of Oilseed for Industrial Uses 46 2.9 Plant Oils as a Renewable Resource 48 Acknowledgements 51 References 52 3 Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation 67 Hiroshi Kouchi 3.1 Nitrogen Fixing Organisms and the Nitrogenase System 67 3.2 Symbiotic Nodule Formation in Legume Plants 70 3.3 Mutual Interactions between Host Cells and Bacteroids in Legume Nodules 76 3.4 Molecular Genetic Approaches to the Host Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation 83 Acknowledgements 92 References 92 4 Sulfur Metabolism 103 Hideki Takahashi 4.1 Introduction 103 4.2 Sulfate Transport 104 4.3 Sulfate Reduction 111 4.4 Cysteine Biosynthesis 114 4.5 Methionine Biosynthesis 117 4.6 Regulators for Coordination of Sulfur Metabolism 118 References 121 5 Nucleotide Metabolism 135 Rita Zrenner and Hiroshi Ashihara 5.1 Introduction 135 5.2 Pyrimidine Metabolism 136 5.3 Purine Metabolism 142 5.4 Pyridine Metabolism 149 5.5 Biotechnological Approaches 152 References 156 6 Purine Alkaloid Metabolism 163 Hir...
