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"This book is a unique combination of practical payload systems engineering and communications theory and applications. Payload systems engineering itself is a complex endeavor that people only learn on the job over many years' time, and this book hopes to ease their learning path. There are detailed books on how to design the various kinds of units, e.g., antennas, of a payload but seemingly no books focusing on unit performance at a level appropriate for systems engineering.Potential satellite owners,few of whom have worked in the satellite field, need help to understand how to get what they want from the manufacturer.The satellite bus, particular satellites, and particular and general satellite communications systems have been written about in several books, but the payload has received typically a few pages in all these books"--
List of contents
PREFACE xixACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxiABOUT THE AUTHOR xxiiiABBREVIATIONS xxv1 INTRODUCTION 11.1 What This Book Is About 11.2 Payload 31.3 Conventions 61.4 Book Sources 71.5 Summary of Rest of the Book 7PART I PAYLOAD2 PAYLOAD'S ON-ORBIT ENVIRONMENT 132.1 What Determines Environment 132.2 On-Orbit Environment 202.3 General Effects of Environment on Payload 273 ANTENNA 333.1 Introduction 333.2 General Antenna Concepts 353.3 Single-Beam Reflector Antenna 483.4 Horn 543.5 Antenna Array 573.6 Reflector-Based Multibeam Antenna 643.7 Autotrack 684 FILTER AND PAYLOAD-INTEGRATION ELEMENTS 794.1 Introduction 794.2 Impedance Mismatch 804.3 RF Lines for Payload Integration 824.3.1 Coaxial Cable 834.4 Other Payload-Integration Elements Aside from Switch 944.5 Filter 974.6 Switch and Redundancy 1115 LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER AND FREQUENCY CONVERTER 1235.1 Introduction 1235.2 Low-Noise Amplifiers and Frequency Converters in Payload 1245.3 Intermodulation Products 1265.4 Low-Noise Amplifier 1275.4.1 LNA Unit Architecture and Technology 1275.5 Frequency Converter 1326 PREAMPLIFIER AND HIGH-POWER AMPLIFIER 1476.1 Introduction 1476.2 High-Power Amplifier Concepts and Terms 1486.3 Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifier versus Solid-State Power Amplifier 1536.4 Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifier Subsystem 1556.5 Solid-State Power Amplifier 1707 PAYLOAD'S COMMUNICATIONS PARAMETERS 1817.1 Introduction 1817.2 Gain Variation with Frequency 1847.3 Phase Variation with Frequency 1877.4 Channel Bandwidth 1897.5 Phase Noise 1907.6 Frequency Stability 1907.7 Spurious Signals from Frequency Converter 1917.8 High-Power Amplifier Nonlinearity 1927.9 Spurious Signals from High-Power Amplifier Subsystem 1927.10 Stability of Gain and Power-Out of High-Power Amplifier Subsystem 1947.11 Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power 1957.12 Figure of Merit G/Ts 1967.13 Self-Interference 1997.14 Passive Intermodulation Products 2018 MORE ANALYSES FOR PAYLOAD DEVELOPMENT 2078.1 Introduction 2078.2 How to Deal with Noise Figure 2088.3 How to Make and Maintain Payload Performance Budgets 2118.4 High-Power Amplifier Topics 2238.5 How to Avoid Monte Carlo Simulations on Gaussian Random Variables 2319 PROCESSING PAYLOAD 2419.1 Introduction 2419.2 Capabilities of Current Processing Payloads 2429.3 Digital-Processing Elements Common to Both Nonregenerative and Regenerative Payloads 2459.4 Nonregenerative Processing-Payload 2489.5 Regenerative Payload 250PART II PAYLOAD IN END-TO-END COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM10 PRINCIPLES OF DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS THEORY 25910.1 Introduction 25910.2 Communications Theory Fundamentals 26010.3 Modulating Transmitter 26810.4 Filters 27810.5 Demodulating Receiver 28110.6 SNR, Es/N0, and Eb/N0 29310.7 Summary of Signal Distortion Sources 29511 COMMUNICATIONS LINK 29911.1 Introduction 29911.2 End-to-End C/N0 30011.3 Signal Power on Link 30111.4 Noise Level on Link 31111.5 Interference on Link 31211.6 Link Budget 31712 PROBABILISTIC TREATMENT OF MULTIBEAM DOWNLINKS 32112.1 Introduction 32112.2 Multibeam-Downlink Payload Specifications 32212.3 Repeater-Caused Variation of C and C/Iself and Nominal Value 32412.4 Combining Antenna-Caused Variation into Repeater-Caused Variation 33312.5 Payload-Caused Variation of CI(I+N) 33712.6 Combining Atmosphere-Caused Variation into Payload-Caused Variation 33712.7 Optimizing Multibeam-Downlink Payload Specified on Link Availability 33913 END-TO-END COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM MODEL WITH FOCUS ON PAYLOAD 34313.1 Introduction 34313.2 Considerations for Both Software Simulation and Hardware Emulation 34413.3 Additional Considerations for Simulation 35213.4 Additional Considerations for Emulation 359References 362INDEX 363
